Pinar MERT CUCE

BİNA ENTEGRELİ FOTOVOLTAİK TERMAL (BIPVT) KOLLEKTÖR VE SİSTEMLERİN ELEKTRİKSEL VERİMLERİNİN TAHMİNİ İÇİN YENİ, PRATİK VE GÜVENİLİR ANALİTİK MODELLER

Bina entegreli fotovoltaik termal (BIPVT) kollektörler, cephe ve çatılar gibi bina kabuğunun farklı yerlerinde konvansiyonel bina elemanlarıyla yer değiştirilebilen çok fonksiyonlu ürünlerdir. BIPVT kollektörler binalarda kullanılmak üzere eş zamanlı olarak termal ve elektriksel enerji üretebilen yenilikçi bina kabuk elemanı olarak kullanılırlar. BIPVT kollektörler ve sistemlerin bina sektöründe kullanılan enerjinin azaltılmasındaki kayda değer potansiyeline rağmen, BIPVT kollektörlerin tasarım, işletme ve iklim odaklı performans parametreleri açısından optimize edilmesine yönelik günümüze dek kapsamlı bir teşebbüs olmadığından ötürü, bu sistemler yakın geçmişe kadar sınırlı ölçüde dikkat çekmiştir. Elektriksel verim BIPVT kollektörler için anahtar bir performans parametresidir. Bu bağlamda, farklı tasarım, işletme ve çevresel koşullar altında bu sistemlerin öncül performans değerlendirmesinin yapılmasında BIPVT kollektörlerin elektriksel veriminin kolay, hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde belirlenmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu yüzden bu araştırmada, tasarım ve iklimsel parametrelerin bir fonksiyonu olarak BIPVT kollektörlerin elektriksel veriminin tahmini için yenilikçi, pratik ve güvenilir analitik ifadeler geliştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında en yaygın BIPVT konfigürasyonu (camdan cama BIPVT kollektör) göz önüne alınmakta ve bu dizayn için analitik ifadeler geliştirilmektedir. Analitik ifadelerin doğruluğu daha önceki literatürde farklı iklimsel koşullar altında gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmalar ile doğrulanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, camdan cama BIPVT kollektörlerin elektriksel veriminin önceki literatürle iyi bir uyum içerisinde olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

BIPVT kollektörler, elektriksel verim, analitik model, ışınım akısı

Novel, Practical and Reliable Analytical Models to Estimate Electrical Efficiency of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPVT) Collectors and Systems

Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) collectors are multifunctional products that replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelopes, such as the facades and roofs. BIPVT collectors serve as novel building envelope material that can generate thermal and electrical energy simultaneously to be utilised in buildings. Despite the remarkable potential of BIPVT collectors and systems in mitigating energy consumed in building sector, until recently, they have received only limited attention since there has been no comprehensive attempt to date to optimise BIPVT collectors in terms of design, operation and climate oriented performance parameters. Electrical efficiency is a key performance parameter for BIPVT collectors. In this respect, easy, fast and reliable determination of electrical efficiency of BIPVT collectors is of vital importance for preliminary performance assessment of this technology under various design, operational and environmental conditions. Therefore in this research, novel, practical and reliable analytical expressions are developed to estimate electrical efficiency of air type BIPVT collectors as a function of design and climatic parameters. The most common configuration of BIPVT collectors (glass to glass BIPVT collector) is considered within the scope of this study, and analytical expressions are developed for this design. The accuracy of the analytical expressions is verified through previous experimental works in literature conducted under different climatic conditions. The results indicate that the electrical efficiency of glass to glass BIPVT collector is in good accordance with previous literature.

Keywords:

BIPVT collectors, electrical efficiency, analytical model, solar intensity,

PDF

___

Agrawal B, Tiwari GN. (2010) Optimizing the energy and exergy of building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) systems under cold climatic conditions, Applied Energy, 87, 417–26.
Al-Mohamad A. (2004) Efficiency improvements of photo-voltaic panels using a Sun-tracking system, Applied Energy, 79, 345–54.
Baljit SSS, Chan HY, Sopian K. (2016) Review of building integrated applications of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 677–89.
Chemisana D, Ibanez M, Barrau J. (2009) Comparison of Fresnel concentrators for building integrated photovoltaics, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1079–84.
Chemisana D. (2011) Building integrated concentrating photovoltaics: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 603–11.
Chow TT. (2010) A review on photovoltaic/thermal hybrid solar technology, Applied Energy, 87, 365–79.
Chow TT. (2003) Performance analysis of photovoltaic–thermal collector by explicit dynamic model, Solar Energy, 75, 143–52.
Cucchiella F, D’Adamo I. (2012) Estimation of the energetic and environmental impacts of a roof-mounted building-integrated photovoltaic systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 5245–59.
Cuce E, Bali T, Sekucoglu SA. (2011) Effects of passive cooling on performance of silicon photovoltaic cells, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 6(4), 299–308.
Cuce E, Bali T. (2010) Improving performance parameters of silicon solar cells using air cooling, Fifth International Ege Energy Symposium and Exhibition, Denizli, Turkey.
Cuce E, Cuce PM, Bali T. (2013) An experimental analysis of illumination intensity and temperature dependency of photovoltaic cell parameters, Applied Energy, 111, 374–82.
Cuce E, Cuce PM. (2014a) Improving thermodynamic performance parameters of silicon photovoltaic cells via air cooling, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 35(4), 193–9.
Cuce E, Cuce PM. (2014b) Tilt angle optimization and passive cooling of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) for better electrical performance, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(11), 8199–207.
Cuce E, Cuce PM. (2016a) The impact of internal aerogel retrofitting on the thermal bridges of residential buildings: An experimental and statistical research, Energy and Buildings, 116, 449–54.
Cuce E, Cuce PM. (2016b) Vacuum glazing for highly insulating windows: Recent developments and future prospects, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1345–57.
Cuce E, Harjunowibowo D, Cuce PM. (2016b) Renewable and sustainable energy saving strategies for greenhouse systems: A comprehensive review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64, 34–59.
Cuce E, Riffat SB. (2015b) Vacuum tube window technology for highly insulating building fabric: An experimental and numerical investigation, Vacuum, 111, 83–91.
Cuce E, Riffat SB. (2015c) A state-of-the-art review on innovative glazing technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41: 695–714.
Cuce E, Young CH, Riffat SB. (2015a) Thermal insulation, power generation, lighting and energy saving performance of heat insulation solar glass as a curtain wall application in Taiwan: A comparative experimental study, Energy Conversion and Management, 96, 31–8.
Cuce E, Young CH, Riffat SB. (2015b) Thermal performance investigation of heat insulation solar glass: A comparative experimental study, Energy and Buildings, 86, 595–600.
Cuce E. (2009) Thermodynamic analysis of the effectiveness of different types of PV modules for wet conditions, M.Sc. Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University.
Cuce E. (2016a) Toward multi-functional PV glazing technologies in low/zero carbon buildings: Heat insulation solar glass - Latest developments and future prospects, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1286–301.
Cuce E. (2017) Experimental and numerical investigation of a novel energy-efficient window technology for low-carbon buildings: Vacuum tube window, Indoor and Built Environment, 26(1): 44–59.
Cuce PM, Cuce E, Riffat SB. (2016a) A novel roof type heat recovery panel for low-carbon buildings: An experimental investigation, Energy and Buildings, 113, 133–38.
Cuce PM, Cuce E, Riffat SB. (2016c) A novel roof type heat recovery panel for low-carbon buildings: An experimental investigation, Energy and Buildings, 113, 133–8.
Cuce PM, Riffat S. (2015a) A comprehensive review of heat recovery systems for building applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 665–82.
Cuce PM, Riffat SB. (2016) A state of the art review of evaporative cooling systems for building applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1240–9.
Cuce PM. (2017) Thermal performance assessment of a novel liquid desiccant-based evaporative cooling system: An experimental investigation, Energy and Buildings, 138, 88–95.
Dubey S, Sandhu GS, Tiwari GN. (2009) Analytical expression for electrical efficiency of PV/T hybrid air collector, Applied Energy, 86, 697–705.
ElSayed MS. (2016) Optimizing thermal performance of building-integrated photovoltaics for upgrading informal urbanization, Energy and Buildings 116, 232–48.
Florschuetz LW. (1979) Extention of the Hottel–Whillier model to the analysis of combined photovoltaic/thermal flat plate collectors, Solar Energy, 22, 361–6.
Gan G. (2009) Effect of air gap on the performance of building-integrated photovoltaics, Energy, 34, 913–21.
Garg HP, Adhikari RS. (1997) Conventional hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heating collectors: steady-state simulation, Renewable Energy, 11, 363–85.
Hamdy MA, Beshir ME, Elmasry SE. (1989) Reliability analysis of photovoltaic systems, Applied Energy, 33, 253–63.
He W, Chow TT, Ji J, Lu J, Pei G, Chan L. (2006) Hybrid photovoltaic and thermal solar collector designed for natural circulation of water, Applied Energy, 83, 199–210.
Hegazy AA. (2000) Comparative study of the performances of four photovoltaic/thermal solar air collectors, Energy Conversion and Management, 41, 861–81.
Hendrie SD. (1979) Evaluation of combined photovoltaic/thermal collectors, Proceedings of International Conference ISES, 1865–9.
Ibrahim A, Fudholi A, Sopian K, Othman MY, Ruslan MH. (2014) Efficiencies and improvement potential of building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) system, Energy Conversion and Management, 77, 527–34.
Kalogirou SA. (2001) Use of TRNSYS for modelling and simulation of a hybrid pv–thermal solar system for Cyprus, Renewable Energy, 23, 247–60.
Kern Jr. EC, Russell MC. (1978) Combined photovoltaic and thermal hybrid collector systems, Proceedings of the 13th IEEE photovoltaic specialists, Washington, DC, USA, page: 1153–7.
Kim JH, Kim JT. (2016) Performance analysis of roof-integrated water-type PVT heating system, International Journal of Smart Home 10, 301–14.
Lalovic B. (1986) A hybrid amorphous silicon photovoltaic and thermal solar collector, Solar Cells, 19, 131–8.
Norton B, Eames PC, Mallick TK, Huang MJ, McCormack SJ, Mondol JD, Yohanis YG. (2011) Enhancing the performance of building integrated photovoltaics, Solar Energy, 85, 1629–64.
Parida B, Iniyan S, Goic R. (2011) A review of solar photovoltaic technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 1625–36.
Park KE, Kang GH, Kim HI, Yu GJ, Kim JT. (2010) Analysis of thermal and electrical performance of semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) module, Energy, 35, 2681–7.
Raghuraman P. (1981) Analytical predictions of liquid and air photovoltaic/thermal, flat-plate collector performance, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 103, 291–8.
Riffat SB, Cuce E. (2011) A review on hybrid photovoltaic/thermal collectors and systems, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 6(3), 212–41.
Ruparathna R, Hewage K, Sadiq R. (2016) Improving the energy efficiency of the existing building stock: A critical review of commercial and institutional buildings, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1032–45.
Skoplaki E, Palyvos JA. (2009) On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations, Solar Energy, 83, 614–24.
Sopian K, Liu HT, Kakac S, Veziroglu TN. (2000) Performance of a double pass photovoltaic thermal solar collector suitable for solar drying systems, Energy Conversion and Management, 41, 353–65.
Tiwari A, Sodha MS, Chandra A, Joshi JC. (2006) Performance evaluation of photovoltaic thermal solar air collector for composite climate of India, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 90(2), 175–89.
Tiwari A, Sodha MS. (2006) Performance evaluation of solar PV/T system: an experimental validation, Solar Energy, 80(7), 751–9.
Tiwari A, Sodha MS. (2007) Parametric study of various configurations of hybrid PV/thermal air collector: Experimental validation of theoretical model, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91, 17–28.
Tripanagnostopoulos Y. (2007) Aspects and improvements of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar energy systems, Solar Energy, 81, 1117–31.
Tripathy M, Sadhu PK, Panda SK. (2016) A critical review on building integrated photovoltaic products and their applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 451–65.
Vats K, Tiwari GN. (2012) Energy and exergy analysis of a building integrated semitransparent photovoltaic thermal (BISPVT) system, Applied Energy, 96, 409–16.
Yang T, Athienitis AK. (2016) A review of research and developments of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 66, 886–912.
Zhou W, Yang H, Fang Z. (2007) A novel model for photovoltaic array performance prediction, Applied Energy, 84, 1187–98.
Zondag HA, de Vries DW, van Helden WGJ, van Zolengen RJC, Steenhoven AA. (2003) The yield of different combined PV–thermal collector designs, Solar Energy, 74(3), 253–69.
Zondag HA. (2008) Flat-plate PV–thermal collectors and systems: a review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(4), 891–959.