Biotechnology of roses: progress and future prospects

Güller (Rosa spp.) dünyadaki en önemli çiçek ürünlerinden biri olup gerek süs bitkileri sektöründe gerekse parfümeri ve kozmetik sanayinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Güllerin ıslahı ve ticari üretiminde çok sayıda potansiyel ve pratik uygulamalardan dolayı güllerin biyoteknolojisinde önemli gelişmeler görülmüştür. Doku kültürü yöntemi ile hastalıklardan ari ve hızlı bitki üretimi, ticari gül çeşitlerinin çoğaltılmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Gen transferi, kısırlık, poliplodi, yüksek heterozigot düzeyi ve uzun ıslah süreci gibi klasik ıslah yöntemleri ile ilgili zorlukları ortadan kaldırdığından dolayı gül ıslahında alternatif bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Biyoteknoloji aynı zamanda kimeral dokuların ayrıştırılmasına ve kısırlıktan kaynaklanan zorlukların ıslaha verdiği sıkıntıları embriyo kurtarma ve in vitro’da çimlendirme olanaklarıyla ortadan kaldırılmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. In vitro’da tohum çimlendirme ile diğer yöntemlerle çimlendirilemeyen tohumların çimlendirilebilmesine olanak sağlanmış ve böylece ıslah süresinin kısaltılmasına önemli katkı sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, gülün regenerasyonu, in vitro üretimi, gül kimeralarının doku kültürleri yöntemiyle ayrıştırılması, kallus ve protoplast kültürleri, embriyo kurtarma ve in vitro çimlendirme çalışmaları, gen transferi alanındaki gelişmeler ve bu gelişmelerin gül ıslahına etkileri üzerinde bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

genetik transformasyon, gül, doku kültürü, biyoteknoloji, bitki ıslahı

Gülün Biyoteknolojisi: gelişmeler ve eğilimler

Roses (Rosa spp.) are one of the most important flower crops in the world and have an economic value in ornamental, pharmaceutical and cosmetic trade. Significant progress has been made in biotechnology of roses due to its many potential and practical applications in commercial production and in breeding of roses. Rapid multiplication and production of disease-free plants in vitro have played a vital role in propagation of commercial rose cultivars. Genetic transformation is emerged as an alternative promising tool in rose breeding since it eliminates the difficulties associated with sexual hybridization such as lengthy breeding cycles, sterility, polyploidy and high level of heterozygosity. Biotechnology also allows chimeral segregation and can overcome some of the sterility problems through embryo rescue. In vitro seed germination protocols are ways to shorten breeding cycles and could be used to germinate the seeds that are not possible to germinate by other means. In this present review, the progress in regeneration, in vitro propagation, chimeral segregation, callus and protoplast culture, embryo rescue, in vitro germination, and genetic transformation of roses were discussed and the impact of biotechnology on rose breeding was evaluated.

Keywords:

genetic transformation, roses, tissue culture, biotechnology, plant breeding,

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