Ali Musa BOZDOĞAN, Nigar YARPUZ-BOZDOĞAN, Ekrem ATAKAN

Farklı ilaçlama yöntemlerinin çilekte avcı böcek Orius niger Wolff üzerine etkileri

Zararlılara karşı ilaç uygulamalarında ilacın biyolojik etkisi kadar uygulama tekniği de önem kazanmaktadır. Zararlı böceklere biyolojik etki yanında ilaçlama tekniklerinin faydalı böceklere olan yan etkileri yeterince bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada konik hüzmeli meme (M1), yardımcı hava akımlı döner kafesli meme (M2) ve yelpaze hüzmeli meme (M3) kullanılarak malathion 20 EC etkili maddeli ilacın çilek bitkilerinde yaygın olarak görülen hemipter (Anthocoridae) avcı Orius niger Wolff"e etkileri incelenmiştir. Orius"lar çiçeklerden örneklenmiştir. 2007 yılında konik hüzmeli meme uygulamasında 2008 yılında ise yelpaze huzmeli memeler ile yapılan ilaçlamada bitki üzerinde en fazla kalıntı saptanmıştır. Nispeten daha az ilaç kalıntısı M2 uygulamasında kaydedilmiştir. Avcı böcek sayısı önemli sayıda M2 uygulamasında saptanmıştır. En az Orius sayısı M1 uygulamasında bulunmuştur.

Effects of different spray application techniques on the predatory insect Orius niger Wolff on strawberries

As well as the biological efficacy of a pesticide, the spray application technique is also important and the adverse effects on beneficial insects are not wellunderstood. In this work, the effects of malathion 20 EC on the predatory insect Orius niger Wolff, which is commonly found in strawberry production areas in the region, was investigated during 2007-2008 by using the hollow cone nozzle (M1), air assisted spinning cage nozzle (M2) and flat fan nozzle (M3). The insecticide residue level was significantly higher on plants in the M1 plots in 2007 but in 2008 a significantly higher residue level was detected on plants in the M3 plots. A relatively less amount of residue was found in the plots sprayed with M2. Orius niger individuals were collected from flowers; significantly higher numbers were collected from the M2 plots in both years. In addition, significantly lower numbers of O. niger were collected after the M1 application.

PDF

___

Anonymous 2003. CDA and Small Farmer. Available: http://www.micron.co.uk (Erişim tarihi:30 Nisan 2016)
Anonymous 2016. Pests in gardens and landscapes. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu. (Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2016)
Atakan E. 2006. Associations between Frankliniella spp. and Orius niger populations in cotton. Phytoparasitica, 34: 221-234.
Atakan E. 2008a. Thrips (Thysanoptera) species occurring on winter vegetables crops in Çukurova region of Turkey. Acta Phytopathology and Entomology Hungary, 43: 227- 234
Atakan E. 2008b. Thrips (Thysanoptera) species occurring on fruit orchards in Çukurova region of Turkey. Acta Phytopathology and Entomology Hungary, 43: 235-242.
Bayat A & N. Yarpuz-Bozdogan 2005. An air-assisted spinning disc nozzle and its performance on spray deposition and reduction of drift potential. Crop Protection, 24: 951-960.
Bozdoğan A. M. & N. Yarpuz-Bozdoğan 2008. Determination of dermal bystander exposure of malathion for different application techniques. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17: 2103-2108.
Debaer C. N., N. Broers, L. Denruyter & P. Jaeken 2005. Effect of band spraying on deposit and biological efficacy in strawberries. VIII workshop on spray application techniques in fruit growing. Barcelona, pp: 8.
Desneux N., A. Decourtye & J. M. Delpuech 2007.. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Rewiev of Entomology, 52: 81-106.
Elzen G. W. 2001. Lethal and sublathal effects of insecticide residues on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Journal Economic Entomology 94(1): 55-59.
Fathi S. A. A., A. Asghari & M. Sedghi 2008. Interaction of Aeolothrips intermedius and Orius niger in controlling Thrips tabaci on patato. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 10: 521-525
Frescata C. & A. Mexia 1990. Biological control of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) by Orius laevigatus (Heteroptera: Anhocoridae) in organically grown strawberries. Biological Agriculture and Horticultur, 13: 141-148.
Fishel, M. F. 2016. Pesticide effects on nontarget organisms. IFAS Extentions, University of Florida https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/PI/PI12200 (Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2016)
Holownicki R., G. Doruchowski, A. Godyn & W. Swiechowski 2000. Variation of spray deposit and loss with air-jet directions applied in orchards. Journal of Agriculture Engineering Research, 77: 129-136.
Ksentini I., T. Jardak & N. Zeghal 2010. Bacillus thuringiensis, deltamethrin and spinosad side-effects on three Trichogramma species. Bulletin of Insectology, 63 (1): 31-37
Kiman Z. B. & K. V. Yeargan 1985. Development and reproduction of the predator Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) reared on diets of selected plant material and arthropod prey. Annual Entomolgy Society of America, 78: 464-467.
Landers A. 2007. Modern technology to improve spraying efficiency. Available: http: //www.aben.cornell.edu/extension/pestapp/publications/mod.tech.html.
Luke M A., Masumoto H. T., T. Cairns & H. K. Hundley 1988. Levels and incidence of pesticide residues in various foods and animal feeds analyzed by the Luke multiresidue methodology for fiscal years 1982-1986. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 71:415-433.
Munthali D. C. & I. J. Wyatt 1986. Factors affecting the biological efficacy of small pesticide droplets against Tetranychus urticae eggs. Pesticide Science, 17: 155-164.
Panneton B., H. Philion & R. Theriault 1996. Spray chamber of air assisted spraying. ASAE Paper No. 96-1078, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
Piche M., B. Panneton & R. Theriault 2000. Reduced drift from air-assisted spraying. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 42(3): 117-122.
Riudavets J. 1995. Predators of Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.) and Thrips tabaci Lind.: a review (Editör: A. J. M. Loomans, J. C. Van Lenteren, M. G. Tommasini, S. Maini and J. Riudavets, Biological Control of Thrips Pests). Wageningen Agricultural University Papers, 95.I, Wageningen, pp. 49-87.
Salas-Aguilar J. & L. H. Ehler 1977. Feeding habits of Orius tristicolor. Annual Entomolgy Society of America, 70: 464-467.
Seagraves, M. P. & J. G. Lundgren. 2012. Effects of neonicotinoid seed treatments on soybean aphid and natural enemies. Journal of Pest Science 85:125-132.
Shakya S., M. Coll & P. Weintraub 2008. Role of Biological Control agents on organic strawberry production. 16th IFOAM Organic World Congree, Modena, Italy, June 16- 20, 2008. http//orgprints. Org/view/projects/conference. html (abstract)
Shouster I., R. Yonah, S. Steinberg & M. Coll 2003. Predatory bugs of the genus Orius in Strawberry crops: Population dynamics and Reproduction sites. Phytoparasitica 31:3 (abstract)
Taylor W. A. & P. G. Andersen 1989. The use of air-assistance in field crop sprayer to reduce drift and modify drop trajectories. Proceedings. Brighton Crop Protection. Conference.-Weeds, 2: 631-639.
Yarpuz-Bozdoğan N. 2005. Turbofan ve yardımcı hava akımlı döner diskli memelerin (micromax ııı, tarp-2383) farklı işletme koşullarında sağladıkları kalıntı ve sürüklenme boyutlarının saptanması. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarım Makinaları Anabilim Dalı, 134s, Adana.
Yarpuz-Bozdogan N. & A. M. Bozdoğan 2009. Assessment of dermal bystander exposure in pesticide applications using different types of nozzles. International Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment,7: 678-682.
Yarpuz-Bozdogan N., E. Atakan, A. M. Bozdogan, T. Erdem & E. Kafkas 2008. Çilek zararlılarına karşı çevreyle dost ilaçlama yöntemlerinin etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi, TÜBITAK Sonuç Projesi, TOVAG106O757,
Yarpuz-Bozdogan N., E. Atakan, A. M. Bozdogan, H. Yılmaz, N. Dağlıoğlu, T. Erdem & E. Kafkas 2011. Effect of different pesticide application methods on spray deposits, residues and biological efficacy on strawberries. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6: 660-670.
Yarpuz-Bozdogan N., E. Atakan, A. M. Bozdogan, T. Erdem, N. Daglioglu & E. Kafkas 2017. Determination of residue, drift and biological efficacy of different spray methods against flower thrips (Frankliniella spp.) (Thys., Thripidae) in strawberries. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 48(1): 28-33.