İsmail Hakkı EKIN, Sevil ATES, Gülşah TOLLU, Ozgul GULAYDIN, Kemal GURTURK, Ziya ILHAN, Cihat OZTURK

The presence and prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains in urine and stool samples

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence and the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from the urine and stool samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 routine urine and feces samples were used for testing as the study materials, and a total of 349 Enterococcus spp. were collected for investigation. For the isolation, blood agar and bile esculin agar were used. DNA isolations of the 24-hour growth cultures of possible enterococci were carried out using a DNA isolation kit. Results: Out of 350 routine urine and 150 stool samples taken with the approval of the patients, 235 (67.1%) and 114 (76%) Enterococcus spp. were isolated respectively. Using the multiplex PCR method with species specific primers, 136 (57.8%) of urine and 22 (19.2%) of stool originated enterococcal strains were identified as Enterococcus faecalis; on the other hand, 17 (7.2%) of urine and 61 (53.5%) of stool originated enterococci were identified as Enterococcus faecium. Conclusion: As a result of the study in Van, Turkey, the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains were found to be lower than other regions.

Keywords:

Stool, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, prevalance, urine,

PDF

___

Barrie PS, Christou NV, Patchen DE (1990). Patologenicity of the enterococcus in surgical infections. Annals of Surgery, 212, 155-159.
Baylan O, Nazik H, Bektöre B, Çitil BE, Turan D, Öngen B, Özyurt M, Açikel CH, Haznedaroğlu T (2011). Üriner enterokok izolatlarının antibiyotik direnci ile virulens faktörleri arasındaki ilişki. Mikrobiyol Bul, 45, 3, 430-445.
Chenoweth C, Schaberg D (1990). The epidemiology of enterococcus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 9, 80-89.
Devriese L, Baele M, Butaye P (2006). The Genus Enterococcus: Taxonomy. Prokaryotes.4, 163-174.
Eliopoulos GM, Eliopoulos CT (1990). Therapy of Enteococcal Infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 9, 118-126. Ergin ÖY, Bayram ED,
Uzun B, Güngör S, Demirdal T (2013). İdrar kültürlerinden izole edilen Enterococcus türleri ve antibiyotik dirençleri. ANKEM Derg, 27, 4, 173-178.
Fisher K, Phillips C (2009). The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiol, 155, 1749-1757. Herwaldt LA, Wenzel RP (1995). Dynamics of hospital-acquired infection. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 6th edition, Washington D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, pp: 169-181.
Hijazi N, Elmanama AA, Al-Hindi A (2009). Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in fecal samples from hospitalized patients and non-hospitalized individuals in Gaza City. J Public Health, 17, 243-249.
Huycke MM, Sahm DF, Gilmore MS (1998). Multiple-drug resistant enterococci: the nature of the problem and an agenda for the future. Emerg Infect Dis, 4, 2,239-249.
Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Barrett JB (2004). Use of a genus- and species-specific multiplex PCR for identification of Enterococci. J Clin Microbiol, 42, 8, 3558-3565.
Kaçmaz B, Akça G, Çağlar K, Sultan N (2003). Enterokoklarda antimikrobiyel duyarlılık. ANKEM Derg, 17, 28-32.
Kariyama R, Mitsuhata R, Chow JW, Clewell DB, Kumon H (2000). Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol, 38, 3092-3095.
Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM (1997). The Gram Positive Cocci Part II Streptococci, Enterococci and The Streptococci Like Bacteria. In Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, pp: 577-629.
Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC. Procop G, Woods G (2005). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Sixth edition. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co 700-711 pp.
Lautenbach E, Bilker W, Brennan P (1999). Enterococcal bacteremia: Risk factors for vancomycin resistance and predictors of mortality. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20, 318-323.
Moellering RC (1992). Emergence of Enterococcus as a significant pathogen. Clin Infect Dis, 14, 1173-1178.
Moellering RC (2005) Enterococcus species, Streptococcus bovis and Leuconostoc species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, Ed. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Fifth edition. New York. Churchill Livingstone, pp: 2411-2421.
Özseven AG, Sesli Çetin E, Cicioğlu Arıdoğan B, Çiftçi E, Özseven L (2011). Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen enterokok suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. Ankem Derg, 25, 4, 256-262.
Patterson JE (2000). New Gram positive agents in nosocomial infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 13, 6, 593-598. Rodrigues J, Poeta P, Martins
A, Costa D (2002). The importance of pets as reservoirs of resistant Enterococcus strains, with special reference to vancomycin. J Vet Med B, 49, 6, 278-280.
Schouten MA, Vose A, Hoogkamp-Karstanje JAA (1999). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enteroccocci causing infections in Europe. Antimicrob Agents Ch, 43, 10, 2542-2546.
Shepard BD, Gilmore MS (2002). Antibiotic resistant enterococci: the mechanisms and dynamics of drug introduction and resistance. Microbes Infect, 4, 215-224.
Teixeira LA, Facklam RR (2003). Enterococcus. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ. Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH (eds). Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Eighth edition, Washington. ASM Pres. pp: 422-433.
Vural DG, Temiz H, Aktar GS, Onur A, Ayaydın Z, Turhanoğlu M, Vural H (2014). Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen enterokok suşlarının antibiyotik direnç oranları, 29.Ankem Antibiyotik ve Kemoterapi Kongresi, Bodrum, 28-31 Mayıs 2014, ANKEM Derg, 28 , Ek 1, 26.
Yazgı H, Ertek M, Uslu H, Kadanalı A, (2003). Enterokoklarda yüksek düzey aminoglikozid direnci ile beta laktamaz üretimi ilişkisi. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 33, 4, 333-336.
Yıldırım M (2007). Enterokoklar ve enterokoklarla gelişen infeksiyonlar. Düzce Üniv Tıp Fak Derg, 2, 46-52.
Zouain MG, Araj GF (2001). Antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in Lebanon. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 17, 3, 209-213.