Effects of dystocia on milk production and reproduction in subsequent lactation in a Turkish Holstein herd

The study investigated effects of dystocia on milk production, reproduction, calf loss, and cow culling in a Turkish Holstein herd at the Agricultural Faculty, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey. Data were from 653 single calvings between 2006 and 2010. Considering a greater dystocia incidence in primiparous cows, data was divided in two; 223 primiparous and 430 multiparous calvings scored on a 1-to-5 scale. Scores were categorized into no dystocia and dystocia. With few related observations, all multiparous data were excluded since sample size for multiparous dystocic calvings was too small to make reliable estimates. Milk yields, days to first service, and days open were analyzed using general linear model univariate procedure. Rates of calf losses, culled cows, retained placenta, and conception within 150 days were compared by chi-squared analysis. Primiparous cows with dystocia produced 85 and 219 kg less milk in 100 and 305 days, respectively (P < 0.10) and showed a higher stillbirth incidence (P < 0.01) than cows without dystocia. However, dystocia had no effects on days to first service and days open. No significant associations existed between dystocia and retained placenta, conception within 150 days, and culling (P > 0.10). One should consider relieving dystocia for good welfare in cows and calves and decreasing its adverse effects on milk yield in primiparous cows.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dystocia, primiparous Holsteins, milk production, reproductive measures, calf loss, cow culling

Effects of dystocia on milk production and reproduction in subsequent lactation in a Turkish Holstein herd

Keywords:

Dystocia, primiparous Holsteins, milk production, reproductive measures, calf loss, cow culling,

PDF

___

Peters AR, Ball PJH. Reproduction in Cattle. 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1995.
Zaborski D, Grzesiak W, Szatkowska I, Dybus A, Muszynska M, Jedrzejczak M. Factors affecting dystocia in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44: 540–551.
Dematawewa CMB, Berger PJ. Effect of dystocia on yield, fertility, and cow losses and an economic evaluation of dystocia scores for Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80: 754–761. 4. Johanson JM, Berger PJ. Birth weight as a predictor of calving ease and perinatal mortality in Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86: 3745–3755.
Lombard JE, Garry FB, Tomlinson SM, Garber LP. Impacts of dystocia on health and survival of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 1751–1760.
Uzmay C, Kaya I, Ayyilmaz T. Analysis of risk factors for dystocia in a Turkish Holstein herd. J Anim Vet Adv 2010; 9: 2571–2577.
Gevrekçi Y, Akbaş Y, Kızılkaya K. Comparison of different models in genetic analysis of dystocia. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2011; 17: 387–392.
EFSA. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare on a request from European Commission on the overall effects of farming systems on dairy cow welfare and disease. EFSA J 2009; 7: 1143: 1–38.
Thompson JR, Pollak EJ, Pelissier CL. Interrelationships of parturition problems, production of subsequent lactation, reproduction, and age at first calving. J Dairy Sci 1983; 66: 1119–1127.
Berry DP, Lee JM, Macdonald KA, Roche JR. Body condition score and body weight effects on dystocia and stillbirths and consequent effects on postcalving performance. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 4201–4211.
Barrier AC, Haskell MJ. Calving difficulty in dairy cows has a longer effect on saleable milk yield than on estimated milk production. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94: 1804–1812.
Gaafar HMA, Shamiah SM, El-Hamd MAA, Shitta AA, El-Din MAT. Dystocia in Friesian cows and its effects on postpartum reproductive performance and milk production. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43: 229–234.
Ghanem ME, Higuchi H, Tezuka E, Ito H, Devkota B, Izaike Y, Osawa T. Mycoplasma infection in the uterus of early postpartum dairy cows and its relation to dystocia and endometritis. Theriogenology 2013; 79: 180–185.
Zobel R. Endometritis in Simmental cows: incidence, causes, and therapy options. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2013; 37: 134–140.
Dekkers JCM. Optimal breeding strategies for calving ease. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77: 3441–3453.
Resmi Gazete. Çiftlik Hayvanlarının Refahına İlişkin Yönetmelik. Tarih: 23.12.2011, No. 28151 (Directive in Turkish).
WestfaliaSurge. Effektives Herdenmanagement mit dem Dairy Management System21. 9997-0958-000/ S + L: D + D/D: Stu/12.03. Germany; 2003.
SPSS. SPSS 15.0 for Windows. USA: SPSS Inc.; 2006.
Djemali M, Freeman AE, Berger PJ. Reporting of dystocia scores and effects of dystocia on production, days open, and days dry from dairy herd improvement data. J Dairy Sci 1987; 70: 2127–2131.
Shanks RD, Freeman AE, Berger PJ. Relationship of reproductive factors with interval and rate of conception. J Dairy Sci 1979; 62: 74–84.
Mangurkar BR, Hayes JF, Moxley JE. Effects of calving ease-calf survival on production and reproduction in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67: 1496–1509.
López de Maturana E, Legarra A, Varona L, Ugarte E. Analysis of fertility and dystocia in Holsteins using recursive models to handle censored and categorical data. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 2012–2024.
Tenhagen B-A, Helmbold A, Heuwieser W. Effect of various degrees of dystocia in dairy cattle on calf viability, milk production, fertility and culling. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2007; 54: 98–102.
Domecq JJ, Skidmore AL, Lloyd JW, Kaneene JB. Relationship between body condition scores and milk yield in a large dairy herd of high yielding Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80: 101– 112.
Rajala PJ, Gröhn YT. Effects of dystocia, retained placenta, and metritis on milk yield in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81: 3172–3181.
Hur T-Y, Jung Y-H, Kang S-J, Choe CY, Kim U-H, Ryu I-S, Son D-S, Park S-J, Kim I-H. The impact of the duration of retained placenta on postpartum diseases and culling rates in dairy cows. Korean J Vet Res 2011; 51: 233–237.
Curtis CR, Erb HN, Sniffen CJ, Smith RD, Kronfeld DS. Path analysis of dry period nutrition, postpartum metabolic and reproductive disorders, and mastitis in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1985; 68: 2347–2360.
Fourichon C, Seegers H, Malher X. Effect of disease on reproduction in the dairy cow: a meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2000; 53: 1729–1759.
Wattiaux MA. Reproduction and Genetic Selection. 2nd ed. The Babcock Institute for International Dairy Research and Development. Publication no. TDG-RG-072895-E. University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; 1996.
Ptaszynska M, editor. Bovine reproduction. In: Compendium of Animal Reproduction. 10th rev. ed. Intervet International BV; 2009. pp. 19–172.