Alpay BALKAN, Oğuzhan BİLGİN, İsmet BAŞER, Damla BALABAN GÖÇMEN, Alp Kayahan DEMİRKAN, Birol DEVİREN

Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinde Tane Verimi ve Verimle İlişkili Özelliklerin Gamma Işını Kullanılarak Mutasyon Islahı ile Geliştirilmesi

Bu araştırma, M1, M2, M3 ve M4 ekmeklik buğday mutant populasyonlarını verim ve verime etkili özellikler bakımından değerlendirmek için 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 ve 2013-14 yıllarında Tekirdağ ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Üç buğday genotipine farklı dozlarda gamma ışını (Kontrol, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy ve 500 Gy) uygulanmıştır. Mutant bitkiler anaçları (kontrol) ile birlikte tane verimi (TV) ve bitki boyu (BB), başak uzunluğu (BAU), başakta başakçık sayısı (BABS), başakta tane sayısı (BATS), başakta tane ağırlığı (BATA), hasat indeksi (HI) ve bin tane ağırlığı (BTA) gibi verime etkili özellikler bakımından tarla koşullarında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, genotiplerin çeşitli özellikler için farklı gamma ışını dozlarına yanıtlarının önemli ve değişken bir şekilde farklı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bitki boyu, bin tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi gibi özellikler düşük dozlarla karşılaştırıldığında yüksek gamma ışını dozlarında genellikle azalma gösterirken, mutagen uygulamaları diğer verim unsurlarında ortalama değerleri çoğunlukla negatif yöne doğru kaydırmıştır. Ancak, negatif ya da pozitif yöndeki kaymalar tüm özellikler için tek yönde ya da eşit derecede etkili olmamıştır. Bu bulgular, buğdayda gamma ışınları kullanılarak varyabilitenin oluşturulabileceğini göstermiştir. Oluşturulan mutasyonlara bağlı olarak gelişme gösteren bazı özellikler gelecekte buğday ıslahı çalışmalarında kullanılabilecektir. M2’de gözlenen varyabilite ve ortalama değerlerdeki farklar M3 generasyonunda seleksiyonun mümkün olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.), mutasyon, populasyon, tane verimi

Improvement of Grain Yield and Yield Associated Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Through Mutation Breeding Using Gamma Irradiation

The present research was conducted to evaluate the M1, M2, M3 and M4 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant populations for yield and yield related traits during 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Tekirdağ ecological conditions. Three wheat genotypes were treated with different levels of gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy and Control). The mutated plants were evaluated along with parental lines (control) for grain yield (GY) and its contributing traits such as plant height (PH), spike length (SL), the number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), the number of grains per spike (NGPS), grain weight per spike (GWPS), harvest index (HI) and thousand grain weight (TGW) under field conditions. The results obtained from the present study showed that the genotypes significantly and variably differed in their response for various traits at different gamma rays doses. The traits such as PH, TGW and grain yield (GY) showed generally reduction with higher gamma irradiation doses as compared to low doses, while mutagenic treatments shifted the mean values mostly towards the negative direction in the other yield components. But, the negative or positive shifts were not unidirectional or equally effective for all the traits. These findings suggested that the variability could be induced through the use of gamma irradiations in bread wheat. Some of the traits showed improvement due to the induced mutations could be used in future wheat breeding programs. The differences in mean values and the nature of variability observed in M2 indicated a possible preference of selection in M3 generation.

Keywords:

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), mutation, population, grain yield,

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