Ürgüp Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde Yer Alan Bir Grup Attika Figürlü ve Siyah Firnisli Seramik

1971 yılında Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’ne müsadere yolu ile kazandırılmış bir grup Attika figürlü ve siyah firnisli seramik, Ürgüp Müzesinin kurulmasının ardından bu müzeye nakledilmiştir. Ürgüp Müzesi Attika seramikleri, Klasik ve Erken Hellenistik Dönemde Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi ile Sardis ve Kelenderis gibi kentlerin Atina ile var olan ilişkilerine ışık tutacak özelliklere sahiptir. Dokuz farklı form ve üç farklı teknikte üretilmiş bu seramikler envanter kayıtlarına göre ağırlıklı olarak Salihli (Sardis), Gilindere (Kelenderis) ve Çorum olmak üzere üç farklı yerden gelmiştir. 5. yüzyılın ilk çeyreği ile 4. yüzyılın üç ile dördüncü çeyreğine tarihlenen seramiklerin, korunma durumlarından yola çıkarak, kesin olmamakla birlikte, birer nekropol buluntusu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Arkeolojik bağlamından uzak kalmış söz konusu bu grup üzerindeki çalışmanın amacı; değerlendirme sonuçlarını konunun uzmanlarıyla paylaşmak ve seramiklerin buluntu merkezleri açısından ne ifade etiklerini tartışmaya açmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Attika Siyah Figürlü Seramik, Attika Kırmızı Figürlü Seramik, Attika Siyah Firnisli Seramik, Ürgüp Müzesi

A Group of Attic Figured and Black Glazed Pottery in the Museum of Ürgüp

A group of Attic figured and glazed pottery was brought to the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara in 1971 following a seizure process. These items were transferred to the Urgup Museum after its foundation. The Attic pottery held at the Museum of Urgup sheds light on the relationships that existed between Athens and the Central Black Sea Region and cities like Sardis and Kelenderis in the Classical and Early Hellenistic Period. According to inventory records, these ceramics, which are in nine different forms and in three different styles, came mostly from three different sites, namely, Salihli (Sardis), Gilindere (Kelenderis) and Çorum. Although not certain, it is believed that they were necropolis finds based on the protection to which the vessels, dated to between the first quarter of the 5th century and the third to fourth quarter of the 4th century, were subject. The aim of this study is to share the results of the evaluation on this group of pottery that had been removed from its archaeological context with experts on this subject and to generate discussion about the meaning of these ceramic based on where they were found.

Keywords:

Attic Black-Figure Pottery, Attic Red-Figure Pottery, Attic Black- Glazed Pottery, Ürgüp Museum,

PDF

___

ÅKERSTRÖM, Å., 1966. Die architektonischen terrakotten Kleinasiens, Lund, C.W. K. Gleerup.
AKURGAL, E., 1943. “Bemerkungen zu den architektonischen terrakotta reliefs Aus Pazarlı in Phrygien”, Belleten 43 7/25, 23-43.
ALEXANDRIDOU, A., 2011, “The Early Black Figured Pottery of Attica in Context ( c. a. 650-530 B. C. E.)”, Monumenta Graeca et Romana 17, Leiden, Boston.
ARIKAN ERCİYAS, B., 2001. Studies in the Archaeology of Hellenistic Pontus. The Settlements, Monuments, and Coinage of Mithridates VI and His Predecessors, University Cincinnati, Unpublished PhD. Thesis.
AVRAM, A.-HIND, G.-TSETSKHLADZE, G. R., 2014. “The Black Sea Area”, Ed: Mogens Herman Hansen- Thomas Heine Neilsen- An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, 924-973, Oxford.
BEAZLEY, J. D., 1956. Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters, Cambridge University Press, London.
BEAZLEY, J. D., 1963. Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters (2nd edition), Oxford Clarendon Press, Oxford.
BEAZLEY, J. D., 1971. Paralipomena, Additions to Attic Black-Figure Vase Painters and Red-Figure Painters, Oxford Clarendon Press, Oxford.
BERNABO, L.-CAVLIER, M., 1965. Meligunìs Lipaàra Vol. II, La necropoli greca e romana nelle Contrada Diana, S. F. Flaccovio, Palermo.
BİLGİN, M., 2015. “Pottery Finds from Nif-Olympus”, Recent Studies on the Archaeology of Anatolia, BAR International Series 2750, Eds: Ergün Laflı-Sami Patçı, 27-40.
BIRMINGHAM, J. M., 1961. “The Overland Route across Anatolia in the Eighth and Seventh centuries B. C., AST 11, 185-195.
BITTEL,K., 1976. Die Hethiter, Die Kunst Anatoliens vom Ende des 3. Bis zum Anfang des 1. Jahrtausends vor Christus, Universum Der Kunst 24, C. H. Beck, München.
BOARDMAN, J., 1974. Athenian Black Figure Vases, Oxford University Press, New York.
BOARDMAN, J., 1999. The Greek Overseas: Their Early Colonies and Trade ( 4th edition), Thames and Hudson, London.
BOSSERT, E. M., 2000. Die Keramik phrygischer Zeit von Boğazköy/Hattuša 18, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
BOULTER, C., 1953. “Pottery of Mid-Fifth Century from a Well in the Athenian Agora”, Hesperia 22/2, 59-115.
BOULTER, C., 1957. “Pottery from the Periclean Athens”, Archaeology 10, 191-197.
BRENDLE, A., 2018. “Athenian use of Black-figure Lekythos in Fifth-century Burial”, Archäologischer Anzeiger 2018/1, 121-138.
COOK, J. M., 1965. “Old Smyrna: Fourth-century Black Glazed Pottery”, BSA 60, 143-153.
COŞKUN, G., 2004. “Daskyleion’da Bulunan M.Ö. 5. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri”, OLBA X, 89-135, Lev. 13-20.
COŞKUN, G., 2006. “Daskyleion’da M.Ö. 4. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri”, OLBA XIII, 83-114.
COŞKUN, G., 2010. “Attic Pottery from Seyitömer Höyük”, TÜBA-AR 13, 61-76.
CUMMER, W. W., 1976. “Iron Age Pottery from Akalan”, IstMitt 26, 31-39.
ÇOKAY KEPÇE, S., 2006. Antalya Karaçallı Nekropolü, ADALYA Ek Yayını 4, AKMED, İstanbul.
DAYAGI MENDELS, M., 1989. Perfumes and Cosmetics in the Ancient World, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
DEBORD, P., 1999, L’Asie Mineure au IVe Siécle (412-313 a. c.), Auonius Publications, Bordeaux.
DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2005. “Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Önemli Bir Demir Çağı Yerleşimesi: Ladik-Köyiçi Tepesi/Ikızarı”, Anadolu Araştırmaları 18/1, 65-109.
DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2007a. “Sinop Province during the Iron age in the Light of the New Research, Anatolia Antiqua 15, 59-65.
DÖNMEZ, Ş., 2007b. “The Central Black Sea Region, Turkey, During the Iron Age: The Local Cultures and the Eurasian Horse-Riding Nomads”, Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea 2, Vol. II, BAR International Series, 1675, Eds: Demetrios Grammenos-Elias Petropoulos, 1207-1220, Oxford.
EDWARDS, G. R., 1975. Corinthian Hellenistic Pottery, Corinth VII.3, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, New Jersey.
EGOROVA, T. B., 2017. Antique Black Glazed Pottery in the Collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Arts, Moskova.
FRANCESCO MUSCOLINO, G. G., 2012. Vasi Attici Corinzi Apuli a Cipro, Ediarch, Catania.
FRENCH, D. H., 1982. “Mycenaeans in The Black Sea?”, Thracia Pontica 1, 19-30.
FRENCH, D. H., 2012. Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor, 3. Milestones, Fass. 3. 3., Cappadocia, British Institute at Ankara, Electronic Monograph.
GARSTANG, J., 1943. “Hittite Military Roads in Asia Minor”, AJA 47, 35-62.
GÖRKAY, K., 2020. “Corinthian, Attic Black-Figure and Red-Figure Pottery from Sinope, Anatolia 46, 347-453.
GRUNY, O. R., 1964. The Hittites, Penguin Books, Baltimore.
HARPER, P. O., 1974. “The Maikop Treasure”, From the Lands of the Scythians Ancient Treasures from Museum of the U. S. S. R. 3000 B. C. -100 B. C. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 1973-1974, New Series 32/5, 156-160.
JAMES, S. A., 2018. Corinth, Hellenistic Pottery The Fine Wares, Corinth VII. 7, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, New Jersey.
KEIL, J. 1913. “Ephesische Bürgerrechts-und Proxeniedekrete aus dem vierten und dritten Jahrhundert v. Chr.”, Öjh 16, 232-239.
KERSCHNER, M., 2010. “The Lydians and their Ionian and Aeolian Neighbours”, Ed: Nicholas Cahill, The Lydians and their World, Yapı Kredi Yayınları-Kültür Bakanlığı, İstanbul.
KLINGER, S., 2002. “Puzzling postures and their meanings: The case of the L. M. Painter and his associates”, Rivista di Archeologia 26, 43-48.
KURTZ, D. C., 1975. Athenian White Lekythoi: Patterns and Painters, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
LAWALL, M. L., 2010. “Pontic, Aegean and Levantine Amphorae at Gordion”, Eds: Dominique Kassab Tezgör-Nino Inaishvili, PATABS I: Production and Trade Amphorae in the Black Sea (Varia Anatoliaca 21), 159-165, İstanbul/Paris.
LYNCH, K. M., 2011: Symposium in Context, Pottery form a Late Archaic Hause near the Athenian Agora, Hesperia Supplement 46, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeyon, New Jersey.
MacDONALD, b., 1981 “The Emigration of Potters from Athens in the Late Fifth Century B. C. and ıts Effects on the Attic Pottery Industry”, AJA 85/2, 159-168.
MacQUEEN, J. G., 1975. The Hittites and their Contemporaries in Asia Minor, London.
MACRIDY BEY, T., 1907. “Une Citadelle archaique de Pont. Foilles du Musée Impérial Ottoman”, Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft 12/4, 165-167, Berlin.
MANOLEDAKIS, M., 2015. “Greek Colonies and Southern hinterland; Looking closer into a long complex and multidimensional relationship”, The Danubian Lands Between the Balck, Agean and Adriatic Seas (7th B. C. and 10th Century A. D.) Proceeding of the Fifth International Congress on the Black Sea Antiquities, Belgrad 17-21 September 2013, Eds: Gocha Tsetskhladze-Alexandru Avram, 81-90, Archaeopress, Oxford.
MATESSI, A., 2021. “The ways of an empire: Continuity and change of route landscapes across the Taurus during the Hittite Period (ca. 1650–1200 BCE)”, JAA 62, 1-20.
MATSUMURA, K., 2020. “On the Manufacturing of the Iron Age Ceramics from Kaman-Kale Höyük”, Anatolian Archaeological Studies of Kaman–Kale Höyük 9, 119-135.
METZGER, H., 1967. “Perspectives nouvelles dans le domaine de L’archéologie classique Asie Mineure”, RA 2, 344-361.
MEYER, H. W., 1960. “Die phrygische Dachdeckung”, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft 78, 69-75.
MOORE, M. B. - PHILIPPIDES, M. Z. P. - VON BOTHMER, D., 1986. Attic-Black Figure Pottery, The Athenian Agora XXIII, Princeton, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, New Jersey.
MOORE, M. B., 1996. Attic-Red Figured and White Ground Pottery, The Athenian Agora XXX, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, New Jersey.
OMURA, S., 2011. “The stratigraphy in Kaman-Kalehöyük in Central Anatolia”, Eds: S. R., Steadman and G., McMahon, The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia 10,000-323 B. C. E, Oxford 1095-1111.
ÖZGÜÇ, T., 1980. “Excavations at the Hittite Site, Maşat Höyük: Palace, Archives, Mycenaean Pottery”, AJA 84, 305-09.
ROBINSON, D. M., 1933. Excavations at Olynthus V, Mosaics, Vases, and Lamps of Olynthus found in 1928-1931, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
ROBINSON, D. M., 1938. Excavations at Olynthus XIII, Vases, found in 1934 and 1938, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
ROTROFF, S., 1997. Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian and Imported Wheel Made Table Ware and Related Material, The Athenian Agora XXIX, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, New Jersey.
ROTFOFF, S.-Oliver, Jr. A., 2003. The Hellenistic Pottery from Sardis through 1994, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Monograph 12, Harvard University Press, England.
SAPRYKIN, S. J., 1977. Heracleia Pontica and Tauric Chersonesus before Roman Domination: VI-I Centuries B. C., A. M. Hakkeret, Amsterdam.
SCHAEFFER, J. S. - RAMAGE, N. H. - GREENEWALT, Jr. C. H., 1997. The Corinthian, Attic, and Laconian Pottery from Sardis, Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Monograph 10, Harvard University Press, London.
SPARKES, B. - TALCOTT, L., 1970. Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th and 5th, and 4th Centuries B. C., The Athenian Agora XII, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, New Jersey.
STEWART, S. M., 2010. Gordion After Knot. Hellenistic Pottery and Culture, University of Cincinnati, Unpublished Phd. Thesis.
STOLBA, V. F. - HANNESTAD-BLINKENBERG, H., 2002. “Black-glazed, Red-figured and Grey Ware Pottery”, Eds: Lise Hannestad-Vilademir Stolba-Alexander Sčeglov, Panskoye I. Vol. 1. The Monumental bulding U6, 27-149, Aaurhus University Press.
STOYANOV, T. ( 2010 ). “Sinope as a Trade and Cultural agent in the Trace during the Classical and Early Hellenistic Period”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia and Siberia, 16, 405-578.
SUMMERER, L., 2005a. “Amisos: eine Griechische Polis im Lander Leukosyrer”, In Pont-Euxin et Polis: et Hellenis Polis Barbaron, Actes du Xe Symposium de Vani 23-26 septembre 2002: Hommage à Otar Lordkipanidzé et Piere Lévêque, Eds: Daredjan Kacharava-Murielle Faudot-Evelyn Geny, 129-165, Besançon.
SUMMERER, L., 2005b. “Griechische Tondächer im kappadokischen Kontext: Die Architektur Terrakotten aus Akalan”, Ed: Mikhail Treister, Bilder und Objekte Als Träger kultureller und ınterkultureller Kommunikation im Schwarzmeergebeit, Kollokium in Zschortau/Sachsen vom 13.02-15.02.2003, Internationale Archäologie: Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Symposium, Tagung, Kongress, Vol. 6, 125-139, Rahden/Westf: Leidorf.
SUMMERER, L., 2007. “Greeks and natives on the southern Black Sea coast in antiquity”, Ed: St. Mitchell (Hrsg.), 27-36, The Black Sea Region. Past, Present, and Future. Proceedings of the interdisciplinary Conference in Istanbul. 14-16 October 2004, London.
SUMMERER, L., 2008. “Indigenous Responses to Encounters with the Greeks in Northern Anatolia: The Reception of Architectural Terracottas in the Iron Age Settlements of the Halys Basin”, Eds: Pia Guldager Bilde-Jane. Hjral Petersen, Meetings of the Cultures in the Black Sea Region: Between Conflict and Coexistence, Black Sea Studies 8, 263-286, Aarhus University Press.
TSETSKHLADZE, G. R., 2011. “Black Sea Trade”, Some Further General Observations, ANAR 19, 197-212.
TSETSKHLADZE, G. R., 2013. “Not all things Greek came through Greek trade or at the hands of Greeks”, Eds: Gocha Tsetskhladze-Sümer Atasoy-Alexandru Avram-Şevket Dönmez- James Hargrave, The Bosporus: Gateway between the Ancient West and East (1st Millennium B. C.-5th Century A. D.), BAR International Series 2517, 69-82, Archaeopress, Oxford.
TÜYSÜZ, B.. 2021. “Preliminary Assessments of Black Glazed Attic Pottery found at Kültepe, Cultural Exchange and Current Research at Kültepe and Its Surroundings”, Kültepe 1-4 August 2021, Eds: Fikri Kulakoğlu-Guido Kyrszat-Cécile Michael, Turnhout Brepols, Belgium.
URE, P. N., 1927. Sixth and Fifth Century Pottery from Excavations made at Rhitsona by R. M. Burrows in 1909 and P. N. Ure and A. D. Ure in 1921-1922, 1927, Ed: Percy Neville Ure, Oxford University Press, London.
ŞİRİN, O. A., 2020. “Çakalça-Karadoğan Höyüğü Kurtarma Kazısı: Amisos’ta Miletos Kolonizasyonuna Dair Bulgular”, AMİSOS 5/9, 513-551.
WAAGÉ, F. O., 1937. “Greek, Hellenistic and Roman Pottery from Alişar”, The Alishar Hüyük Season of 1931932, Part. III. OIP 30, Ed: Hans Hennig von der Osten, 74-78, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
WOLLEY, L., 1938. “Excavations at Al Mina, Sueidia. I. The Archaeological Report”, JHS 58, Part 1, 1-30.
VON DER OSTEN, H. H., 1937. The Alişar Höyük, Seasons of 1930-32, Part II, OIP 29, Chicago.
YOUNG, R. S., 1963. “Gordion on the Royal Road”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 107/4, 348-364.
YILDIZ, V., 2013a. Akhamenid Dönemde Kilikya Bölgesi ve Yakın Çevresinde Attika Seramiği, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Konya.
YILDIZ, V., 2013b. “Mersin Müzesi’nde Bulunan Bir Grup Attik Vazo”, ADALYA, Armağan Dizisi 3, K. Levent Zoroğlu’na Armağan, Ed: Mehmet Tekocak, 744-755, Antalya.
YIDIZ, V., 2017. “Anamur Müzesi’nde Bulunan Kelenderis Kökenli Bir Grup Siyah Firnisli Seramik”, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15/3, 281-316.
YIDIZ, V., 2019. “Alanya Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Siyah Firnisli Seramik”, Cevat Başaran’a 60. Yaş Armağanı, Ed: Vedat Keleş-Hasan Kasapoğlu-Ertuğ Ergürer, Ersin Çelikbaş-Alper Yılmaz, 849-866, Ankara.
ZEREN, M., 2004. Klazomenai’de Ele Geçen M. Ö. 4. Yüzyıl Kap Formları, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
ZOROĞLU, L., 1994. Kelenderis I, Kaynaklar, Kalıntılar, Buluntular, Ankara.
ZOROĞLU, L., 2008. “Kelenderis ve Karaçallı Nekropolleri: Klasik Çağa Ait İki Mezarlık Hakkında Düşünceler”, ADALYA, Armağan Dizisi 1, Prof. Dr. Haluk Abbasoğlu’na 65. Yaş Armağanı, Eds: İnci Delemen-Sedef Çokay Kepçe-Aşkım Özdizbay-Özgür Turak, 1235-1246, Antalya.