Osman Eren ÇETİNKAYA, İlke ÖZER ASLAN, Alev KURAL, Keziban DOĞAN

Assessment of the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Development of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hyperemesis gravidarum, nausea, pregnancy, vitamin D, vomiting

Assessment of the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Development of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Object: Hyperemesis gravidarum, the leading cause of hospitalization in the first trimester, is observed in 0.3% to 3.6% of all pregnant women worldwide. Vitamin D is a significant vitamin for human health, and vitamin D deficiency in the pregnant women population in Turkey is a common pathology. In this context, this study was carried out to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: The population of this prospective, single-center, case-controlled study consisted of pregnant women diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. In the end, 23 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum were included in the patient group, and 30 healthy pregnant women with demographic characteristics that match those with hyperemesis gravidarum were included in the control group. The Vitamin D and hematocrit levels were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in the serum vitamin D (p = 0.760) and hematocrit (p = 0.149) levels. Overall, only 9 (17%) of the 53 pregnant women had sufficient (> 20 ng / ml) vitamin D. There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in the number of patients with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: The study findings did not indicate a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and hyperemesis gravidarum. Further large-scale studies are needed to establish the absence of a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hyperemesis gravidarum. On the other hand, the fact that only 17% of the pregnant women who participated in this study had sufficient vitamin D revealed the need to emphasize using vitamin D supplements in pregnant women as early as possible in the first trimester.

Keywords:

Hyperemesis gravidarum, nausea, pregnancy, vitamin D, vomiting,

PDF

___

Verberg MF, Gillott DJ, Al-Fardan N, Grudzinskas JG. Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review [published correction appears in Hum Reprod Update. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):207]. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11(5):527-539.
Goodwin TM. Hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998;41(3):597-605.
Golberg D, Szilagyi A, Graves L. Hyperemesis gravidarum and Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(3):695-703.
Einarson TR, Piwko C, Koren G. Quantifying the global rates of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a meta analysis. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2013;20(2):e171-e183.
Fejzo, MS, Ingles SA, Wilson M, et al. High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;141(1):13-17.
Gazmararian JA, Petersen R, Jamieson DJ, et al. Hospitalizations during pregnancy among managed care enrollees. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:94-100.
Austin K, Wilson K, Saha S. Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019;34(2):226-241.
Patil CL, Abrams ET, Steinmetz AR, Young SL. Appetite sensations and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: an overview of the explanations. Ecol Food Nutr. 2012;51(5):394-417.
Niebyl JR. Clinical practice. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(16):1544-1550.
Goodwin TM, Montoro M, Mestman JH, Pekary AE, Hershman JM. The role of chorionic gonadotropin in transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(5):1333-1337.
Kaplan PB, Gücer F, Sayin NC, Yüksel M, Yüce MA, Yardim T. Maternal serum cytokine levels in women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2003;79(3):498-502.
Yoneyama Y, Suzuki S, Sawa R, et al. The T-helper 1/T-helper 2 balance in peripheral blood of women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(6):1631-1635.
Lacasse A, Rey E, Ferreira E, Morin C, Bérard A. Epidemiology of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence, severity, determinants, and the importance of race/ethnicity. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009;9:26.
Bülbül M, Kaplanoğlu M, Arslan Yıldırım E, Yılmaz B. Hiperemezis Gravidarum. Arch Med Rev J. 2017;26(3):269-296.
Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey. Osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases diagnosis and treatment guide. 2018;119-127.
Hossein-nezhad A, Holick MF. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(7):720-755.
Ergür AT, Berberoğlu M, Atasay B, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Turkish mothers and their neonates and in women of reproductive age. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009;1(6):266-269.
Gür G, Abaci A, Köksoy AY, et al. Incidence of maternal vitamin D deficiency in a region of Ankara, Turkey: a preliminary study. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44(4):616-623.
Fejzo MS, Fasching PA, Schneider MO, et al. Analysis of GDF15 and IGFBP7 in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Support Causality. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2019;79(4):382-388.
Özay ÖE, Özay AC. Inflammatory Markers in Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Eur Arch Med Res. 2021;37:27-31.
Kiran H, Rashmi N, Rajani H, Nandish M. Gestational Transient Thyrotoxicosis Associated with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Glo J Med Phar Biomed U. 2021;16(1):1b-1b.
Ahmed Ahmed Shaheen AG, Wafa YAE-S, El-Omda FAE-A. Effect of high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and estradiol on degree of hyperemesis gravidarum. Al-Azhar Int Med J. 2021;2(7):17-23.
Yıldırım E, Demir E. The relationship of hyperemesis gravidarum with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;39(6):793-798.
Gürbüz T, Güngör ND, İyigün G, et al. Does the deficiency of 25-hydroxy vitamin D effect the placental peptides (free β-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) levels? J Health Sci Adıyaman Uni. 2017;3(3):589-597.
Yılmaz S, Akdağ Cırık D, Demirtaş C, et al. Do vitamin D and high-sensitivity-C reactive protein levels differ in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum? A preliminary study. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;13(3):123-126.