Meral TİMURTURKAN, Gönül DEMEZ, Elife KART, Cihan ERTAN, Selim CANKURTARAN, Salih AKTİN

"HÜKÜMLÜ” OLMANIN SOSYAL TEZAHÜRLERİ: SOSYAL DIŞLANMA, DAMGA VE SUÇ - SOCIAL APPEARENCES OF BEING AN OFFENDER: SOCIAL EXCLUSION, STIGMA AND CRIME

Şartlı nakit transferleri (ŞNT), yoksullukla mücadele alanına yeni bir dinamizm ve hareketlilik getirmiştir. Yoksullukla mücadelede birçok geleneksel ve çağdaş yöntem ve program bulunmakla birlikte, ŞNT programlarının benzer mücadele stratejilerinden farklı tarafı, yapısal yoksulluk gibi yoksulluğun sadece belli türlerine odaklanıyor olması ve temel mücadele stratejisi olarak da beşeri sermaye yatırımını seçmiş olmasıdır. Dolayısıyla geçici ya da konjonktürel yoksulluk hallerinden çok, yoksulluğun yapısal nedenleriyle mücadele etmektedir. ŞNT programları bu özellikleriyle, anlık destekler aracılığıyla geçici rahatlamalar sunan pasif yoksullukla mücadele programlarından ayrılmaktadır. Bunun yerine, beşeri sermaye stokuna yatırımlar yapmak suretiyle bir mücadele stratejisi benimsemiştir. Ancak ŞNT programlarının sosyal koruma öncesinde belli şartlar öne sürüyor olması, özellikle de insan hakları savunucularının tepkisini çekmektedir. Buna göre, sosyal koruma evrensel bir insan hakkıdır ve hiçbir ön şarta bağlanamaz. Bireyin gerek kendi tercih ya da eksikliğinden, gerek çevresel etkenler dolayısıyla söz konusu şartlar yerine getirilemediğinde, otomatik olarak sosyal koruma dışında kalınmaktadır. Bu durum da açıkça insan haklarına aykırı bir durum olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şartlı Nakit Transferleri (ŞNT), Sosyal Koruma, İnsan Hakları, Yoksullukla Mücadele

SOCIAL APPEARENCES OF BEING AN OFFENDER: SOCIAL EXCLUSION, STIGMA AND CRIME

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have brought a new dynamism in the field of poverty alleviation. Along with the abundance of both conventional and modern poverty alleviation strategies,distinctive sides of these programs are the concentration on the certain types of poverty, namely structural poverty, and setting up the target of investment on human capital as the essential poverty alleviation strategy. In this sense, CCTs struggle against the structural reasons of poverty instead of temporary and cyclical poverty incidences. Accordingly, CCTs differ from the passive poverty alleviation strategies which offer immediate supports against poverty. CCTs adopt a struggling strategy which is based on making investments on human capital stock. However, stipulating certain preconditions in order to be entitled as the beneficiaries draw reactions of human rights supporters particularly. In this sense, social protection is a universal human right and cannot be made conditional to any behaviour. When the given conditions cannot be met due to internal and/or external reasons, the individual is excluded automatically from the scope of social protection. This situation is considered clearly the violation of the human rights.

Keywords:

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), Social Protection, Human Rights, Poverty Alleviation,

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