Yüksel KIVRAK, Ali İNALTEKİN

COVİD-19 SALGININDA SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA DEPRESYON, ANKSİYETE, STRES, TRAVMA DÜZEYİ VE D TİPİ KİŞİLİK: VAKA - KONTROL ÇALIŞMASI

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı COVİD-19 salgınında sağlık çalışanlarında depresyon, anksiyete, stres, virüs korkusu, travma belirti düzeylerini ve D Tipi kişilik ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya bir Devlet Hastanesi’nde çalışan 50 sağlık çalışanı (22 hemşire, 11 ebe, 4 tıbbi sekreter, 7 sağlık memuru ve 6 doktor) ve kontrol grubu olarak benzer ölçütleri karşılayan, bir özel şirketin müşteri ilişkileri çağrı merkezindeki 89 çalışan dahil edildi. Katılımcılara sosyo-demografik anket formu, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği-21 (DASS-21), D Tipi Kişilik Ölçeği (DKÖ), Olayların Etkisi Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu (OEÖ), Vizüel Analog Skala uygulandı.BULGULAR: Sağlık çalışanı ve kontrol grubu arasında depresyon, anksiyete, stres, travma ve virüs korkusu açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. Ölçek kesme puanlarına göre sağlık çalışanları grubunda %8 oranında depresyon, %24 oranında anksiyete, %16 oranında stres, %94 oranında travma; kontrol grubunda %20,22 oranında depresyon, %31,46 oranında anksiyete, %22,47 oranında stres, %84,26 oranında travma belirtilerinin olduğu saptandı. D Tipi kişiliği olanlarda olmayanlara göre depresyon, anksiyete, stres ve travma puanları anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (sırasıyla p<0,001, p=0,001, p<0,001, p<0,001). Ayrıca D Tipi kişilik puanıyla depresyon, anksiyete, stres, travma arasında ve travma ile depresyon, anksiyete, stres arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı.SONUÇ: Çalışma sonuçlarımız, hem sağlık çalışanlarında hem de kontrol grubunda belirli düzeyde depresyon, anksiyete, stres ve travma olduğunu, ayrıca D Tipi kişilik özelliklerinin daha yüksek depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeyi ve travmayla ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anksiyete, COVID-19 virüs, Psikolojik stres, Kişilik, Sağlık çalışanı, Anxiety, COVID-19 virus, Psychological stress, Personality, Healthcare professional

DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, STRESS, TRAUMA LEVEL, AND TYPE D PERSONALITY AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CASE-CONTROL STUDY

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the depression, anxiety, stress, fear of viruses, trauma symptom levels and their relationship with Type D personality in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 healthcare professionals (22 nurses, 11 midwives, 4 medical secretaries, 7 medical officers and 6 physcians) working at A State Hospital and 89 employees in a customer relations call center of a private company, as the control group, who met similar criteria were included in the study. Socio-demographic questionnaire form, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Type D Scale (DS14), Impact of Event Scale - Revised Form (IES-R) , and Visual Analogue Scale were applied to the participants.RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the healthcare professionals and the control group in terms of depression, anxiety, stress, trauma and fear of virus. According to the cut-off scores of the scales, in the group of healthcare professionals, 8% had depression, 24% had anxiety, 16% had stress, and 94% had trauma; in the control group, it was found that 20.22% had depression, 31.46% had anxiety, 22.47% suffered from stress, and 84.26% had trauma. In those with Type D personality, depression, anxiety, stress and trauma scores were significantly higher compared to those without Type D personality (p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Also, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between Type D personality score and depression, anxiety, stress and trauma, and between trauma and depression, anxiety, and stress.CONCLUSIONS: Our study results demonstrated that there was a certain level of depression, anxiety, stress and trauma in both healthcare professionals and the control group, and that Type D personality characteristics were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and trauma.

Keywords:

Anksiyete, COVID-19 virüs, Psikolojik stres, Kişilik, Sağlık çalışanı, Anxiety, COVID-19 virus, Psychological stress, Personality, Healthcare professional,

PDF

___

1. Dutheil F, Mondillon L, Navel V. PTSD as the second tsunami of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Psychol Med. 2021;51(10):1773-4.
2. Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317-20.
3. Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):39–42.
4. Denollet J. DS14: Standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(1):89–97.
5. Nydegger R, Nydegger L, Basile F. Post-traumatic stress disorder and coping among career professional firefighters. Am J Health Sci. 2011;2(1):11–20.
6. Miller MW. Personality and the etiology and expression of PTSD: A three‐factor model perspective. Clin Psychol. 2003;10(4):373–93.
7. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335-43.
8. Yılmaz Ö, Boz H, Arslan A. Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeğinin (Dass 21) Türkçe Kısa Formunun Geçerlilik-Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (FESA). 2017;2(2):78-91.
9. Le TA. Multi-level predictors of psychological problems among methadone maintenance treatment patients in difference types of settings in Vietnam. Subst Abus Treat Prev Policy. 2019;14:39.
10. Alçelik A, Yıldırım O, Canan F, Eroğlu M, Aktaş G, Şavlı H. A preliminary psychometric evaluation of the type D personality construct in Turkish hemodialysis patients. Journal of Mood Disorders. 2012;2(1):1-5.
11. Wilson JP, Keane TM (edited by). Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Press.1997:399–411.
12. Çorapçıoğlu A, Yargıç İ, Geyran P Kocabaşoğlu N. Olayların Etkisi Ölçeği” (IES-R) Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Yeni Symposium. 2006;44(1):14-22.
13. Creamer M, Bell R, Failla S. Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41:1489–96.
14. Hasson D, Arnetz BB. Validation and findings comparing VAS vs. Likert scales for psychosocial measurements. International Electronic Journal Health Education. 2005;8:178–92.
15. Lenzo V, Quattropani MC, Musetti A, et al. Resilience contributes to low emotional impact of the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population in Italy. Front Psychol. 2020;11:576485.
16. Liu S, Yang LL, Zhang CX, et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):17–18.
17. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88: 901–7.
18. Simione L, Gnagnarella C. Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 spread in Italy. Front Psychol. 2020;(11):2166.
19. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho AR, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123–7.
20. Chan AO, Huak CY. Psychological impact of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on health care workers in a medium size regional general hospital in Singapore. Occup Med (Lond). 2004;54(3):190–6.
21. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
22. Tekin A, Karadag H, Yayla S. The relationship between burnout symptoms and Type D personality among health care professionals in Turkey. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2017;72(3):173–7.
23. Oginska-Bulik, N. Occupational stress and its consequences in healthcare professionals: the role of type D personality. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2006;19(2):113-22.
24. Tuman TC. (2021). The effect of type D personality on anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 disease in healthcare workers. Arch Environ Occup Health. 2021;15:1-8.
25. Marcisz-Dyla E, Dąbek J, Irzyniec T, Marcisz C. Personality Traits, Strategies of Coping with Stress and Psychophysical Wellbeing of Surgical and Non-Surgical Doctors in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1646.
26. Kim YH, Kim SR, Kim YO, Kim JY, Kim HK, Kim HY. Influence of type D personality on job stress and job satisfaction in clinical nurses: the mediating effects of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. J Adv Nurs. 2017;73(4):905–16.