Gözün Refraksiyon Kusurlarında Uygulanabilecek Farklı Göz Egzersizleri

Işık ışınlarının, ortamlar arası yoğunluk farkı nedeni ile ortam değişikliğine uğrarken hızını ve açısını değiştirmesi refraksiyon (kırılma) olarak isimlendirilir. Gözde bulunan refraksiyon kusurları miyopi, astigmatizma, hipermetropi ve presbiyopi olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Çeşitli yayınlarda, göz refraksiyon kusurlarının görülme sıklığının değiştiği bildirilmiştir. Literatürde yer alan birçok çalışmaya göre, konverjans yetmezliği, akomodasyon disfonksiyonu, gözün hareket bozuklukları, dijital göz yorgunluğu ve göz kuruluğu gibi birçok durumda göz egzersizleri herhangi bir komplikasyon oluşturmaksızın önleyici ve tedavi edicidir. Göz egzersizleri ile oküler bölgede kan dolaşımı artmakta, hümör dolaşım uyarılmakta, ekstraoküler kasların gerilimi azalmakta, göz kasları arasındaki koordinasyon artmakta, göz yorgunluğu ve stres azalmaktadır. Bu etkilerin sonucuna bağlı olarak da görme problemleri üzerinde olumlu yönde değişiklikler görülmektedir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde genel olarak yoga göz egzersizleri, göz egzersiz protokolü, konverjans göz egzersizleri, okülomotor egzersiz protokolü, kalem takip terapisinin uygulandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu derlemede literatürde gözün refraksiyon kusurlarında farklı göz egzersizlerini içeren çalışmalar incelenmiş, bu egzersizlerin etkileri ve uygulama yöntemleri özetlenmiştir. Literatürde bu konuda sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin, bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutarak, literatüre ve klinisyenlere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Görme bozukluğu, refraksiyon, oküler, egzersiz

Different Eye Exercises for Refraction Defects of the Eye

The change in speed and angle of light rays while undergoing a change in the medium due to the density difference between the mediums is called refraction (defects). The refractive errors in the eye can be classified as myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and presbyopia. It has been reported in various publications that the incidence of eye refractive errors varies. According to many studies in the literature, eye exercises are preventive and therapeutic in many cases, such as convergence failure, accommodation dysfunction, eye movement disorders, digital eye fatigue, and dry eye without any complications. With eye exercises, blood circulation in the ocular region is increased, humoral circulation is stimulated, the tension of extraocular muscles is reduced, coordination between eye muscles increases, eye fatigue and stress are reduced. Depending on the results of these effects, positive changes are seen in vision problems. When the studies were examined, it was determined that yoga eye exercises, eye exercise protocol, convergence eye exercises, oculomotor exercise protocol, and pencil follow-up therapy were applied in general. In this review, studies in the literature that include different eye exercises for refractive defects of the eye are examined, the effects of these exercises and their application methods are summarized. There are a limited number of studies on this subject in the literature. It is thought that this review will contribute to the literature and clinicians by highlighting the studies to be done in this field.

Keywords:

Visual impairment, refraction, ocular, exercise,

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