Numerical Simulation of Coherent Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation by Considering Simple Hydrogen Atomic Potential

In this study, the ionization of a single electron exposed to an intense laser field is computed, and the nonlinear dipole response of a single electron is obtained. The ionization of a single electron exposed to an intense laser field can be computed using the strong field approximation (SFA), also known as the Keldysh theory. This method is based on the idea that the laser field is so strong that it can ionize the electron by tunneling through the Coulomb barrier. In this paper, the Xe, Ne, and H2 gas species are modeled since they have simple atomic systems. All gas species have relative or close ionization potentials. Ultra-short pulse duration (50 fs) is accepted because of the shorter time scale than the electron energy-lattice transfer. The ionization potentials of gas species result in the Keldysh parameter being smaller than one. The electron dipole oscillation spectra of these gas species are simulated by calculating the dipole spectrum considering the Lewenstein model. The electron propagation under the different wavelengths is simulated. The effects of the different driving wavelengths have noticeable effects on the enhancement and the extension of the extreme ultraviolet radiation signal.

Keywords:

Keldysh parameter, Lewenstein model, Electron trajectories Dipole moment,

PDF

___

Albertin F, Astolfo A, Stampanoni M, Peccenini E, Hwu Y, Kaplan Fr, Margaritondo G, (2015). X-Ray Spectrometry and Imaging for Ancient Administrative Handwritten Documents. X-Ray Spectrometry, 44:93-98.
Bhardwaj S, (2010). Limits of Long Wavelength High Harmonic Generation. Department of Electrical Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Doctorate.
Bleakney W, (1932). The Ionization Potential of Molecular Hydrogen. Physical Review Letters, 40:496-501.
Corkum PB, (1993). Plasma Perspective on Strong-Field Multiphoton Ionization. Physical Review Letters, 71:1994-1997.
Deng H-X, Dai Z-M, (2013). Harmonic Lasing of X-Ray Free Electron Laser: On the Way to Smaller and Cheaper. Chinese Physics C, 37:102001.
Hao X, Shu Z, Li W, Hu S, Chen J, (2016). Quantitative Identification of Different Strong-Field Ionization Channels in the Transition Regime. Optics Express, 24:25250-25257.
Huang C-F, Liang KS, Hsu T-L, Lee T-T, Chen Y-Y, Yang S-M, Chen H-H, Huang S-H, Chang W-H, Lee T-K, Chen P, Peng K-E, Chen C-C, Shi C-Z, Hu Y-F, Margaritondo G, Ishikawa T, Wong C-H, Hwu Y, (2018). Free-Electron-Laser Coherent Diffraction Images of Individual Drug-Carrying Liposome Particles in Solution. Nanoscale, 10:2820-2824.
Huang Z, Kim K-J, (2017). Review of X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Theory. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 10:034801.
Hwu Y, Margaritondo G, Chiang A-S, (2017). Q&A: Why Use Synchrotron X-Ray Tomography for Multi-Scale Connectome Mapping? BMC Biology, 15:122.
Keldysh LV, (1965). Ionization in the Field of a Strong Electromagnetic Wave. Sov. Phys.-JETP, 20.
Kim K-J, Xie M., (1993). Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission for Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 331:359-364.
Kroll NM, McMullin WA, (1978). Stimulated Emission from Relativistic Electrons Passing through a Spatially Periodic Transverse Magnetic Field. Physical Review A, 17:300-308.
Lewenstein M, Balcou P, Ivanov MY, L’Huillier A, Corkum PB, (1994). Theory of High-Harmonic Generation by Low-Frequency Laser Fields. Phys. Rev. A, 49:2117-2132.
Li H-T, Jia Q-K, (2013). Enhanced High Gain Harmonic Generation Scheme with Negative Dispersion. Chinese Physics C, 37:028102.
Margaritondo G, (2019). An Enlightening Procedure to Explain the Extreme Power of Synchrotron Radiation. J. Synchrotron Rad., 26:2094-2096.
McNeil BWJ, Thompson NR, (2010). X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers. Nature Photonics, 4:814-821.
Pellegrini C, (2016). X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers: From Dreams to Reality. Physica Scripta, T169, 014004.
Pellegrini C, Marinelli A, Reiche S, (2016). The Physics of X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers. Reviews of Modern Physics, 88:015006.
Potylitsyn A.P. RMI, Strikhanov M.N., Tishchenko A.A. (2010). Radiation from Relativistic Particles. In: Diffraction Radiation from Relativistic Particles. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, , Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Shaftan T, Yu LH, (2005). High-Gain Harmonic Generation Free-Electron Laser with Variable Wavelength. Physical Review E, 71:046501.
Technology NIoSa (2022). "Nist Chemistry Webbook." 2021, from https://webbook.nist.gov/.
Womer R, (1931). Ionization of Helium, Neon, and Argon. Physical Review, 38, 454-456.
Zhukovskii KV, Kalitenko AM, (2020). Generation of Coherent X-Ray Harmonic Radiation in a Single-Pass Free-Electron Laser with Phase Shift of Electrons Relative to Photons. Technical Physics, 65:1285-1295.