Kadın Tüketicilerin Beden Kütle İndekslerinin Besin Seçim Motivasyonları Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, normal kilolu ve hafif şişman/obez kadınlarda besin seçimlerinin altında yatan motivasyonları belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Gaziantep Üniversitesi tarafından istihdam edilen 18-65 yaş arası 100 gönüllü kadın üzerinde yapılmıştır. Gönüllü bireyler beden kütle indekslerine (BKİ) göre normal kilolu veya hafif şişman/obez olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Daha sonra bireylerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, beslenme durumlarını, fiziksel aktivite durumlarını sorgulayan bir çalışma anketi uygulanmıştır. Üç günlük besin tüketim kaydı ve 24 saatlik fiziksel aktivite öyküsü ile birlikte vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçümleri kaydedilmiştir. Besin seçimi motivasyonlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, daha önce geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği yapılmış olan Besin Seçimi Anketi (BSA) kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Tüm bireyler için besin seçimini etkileyen en önemli üç faktör sırasıyla doğal içerik, duyusal çekicilik ve sağlık olarak bulunmuştur. Besin seçimini etkileyen faktörler arasında en az öneme sahip olan belirleyicinin ise fiyat faktörü olduğu gözlenmiştir. Gruplara göre (BKİ<25 ve BKİ≥25) analiz edildiğinde, normal ağırlıktaki bireylerde besin seçimini etkileyen en önemli üç etken sırasıyla duyusal çekicilik, doğal içerik ve sağlık iken, hafif şişman/obez bireylerde ise doğal içerik, duyusal çekicilik ve sağlık olarak bulunmuştur. Hafif şişman/obez bireylerde doğal içerik, ağırlık kontrolü, sağlık ve etik kaygı puanları normal BKİ’ye sahip bireylere göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca gruplar arasında fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ve bazı besin ögeleri bakımından da anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç: Besin seçimi çok yönlü ve karmaşık bir süreçtir ve sonuçlarımıza göre, BSA’nın doğal içerik, sağlık, ağırlık kontrolü ve etik gibi alt grupları BKİ’den etkilenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Besin seçimi, Beden kütle indeksi, Besin seçimi anketi (BSA)

Determination Of The Effect Of Body Mass Index On Food Choice Motivations On Female Consumers

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the underlying motivations of food choices in normal weight and overweight/ obese women.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 18-65 years old 100 volunteer women who were employed by Gaziantep University. Volunteer individuals were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight or overweight/obese. Then a study questionnaire which included sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, physical activity status of the individuals was carried out. 3-days food and 24-hours physical activity history was recorded as well as height-weight measurements. Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), to which validity and reliability had confirmed, was used to determine the motivations for food choices. Results: Natural content, sensory appeal and health are the important motivational food choice factors for all participants. Price was the least important factor in food choice. When we analyzed into groups, sensory appeal, natural content and health were the most important motivational factors for normal weight women whereas natural content, sensory appeal and health were the most important factors for overweight/obese women. Natural content, weight control, health and ethical concern scores were significantly higher in overweight/ obese women than normal weight women(P<0,05). There were also statistically significant differences in diets and physical activity status of groups (P<0,05). Conclusion: Food choice is a multifactorial and complex process and according to our results, FCQ subgroups’ such as natural content, health, weight control and ethics are influenced by BMI.

Keywords:

Food choice, body mass index, food choice questionnaire (FCQ),

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