Keeping Security and Peace: Behind the Strategicalization of NATO’s ‘Critical Security Discourse'

Sovyetler Birliği’nin 1991’de sona ermesiyle NATO kendi varlığının meşruiyetini yeniden temellendirme sürecine girmiştir. NATO bu meşruiyet zeminini öncelikle söylemsel olarak oluşturmakta ve bunun inşasını yaparken “Gelecek Güvenliği Riski” söylemi üzerinden politikasını belirlemektedir. Bu makale, NATO’nun varlığının meşruiyetinin inşa sürecini, söylem analizi yöntemiyle inceleyerek, NATO’nun günümüzdeki amacının yapı taşlarına ışık tutmayı ve bu bağlamda da bu “yeni” NATO’nun varlık sebebini belirleyen ve etkileyen faktörleri ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir.

Güvenliği ve barışı koruma: Nato'nun ' kritik güvenlik söylemi'ni stratejikleştirmenin ardında yatan nedenler

After the implosion of the Soviet Union in 1991, NATO entered an era where it wants to re-establish the legitimacy of its existence. Throughout its two NATO New Strategic Concepts (1999 and 2010), NATO has been constructing its Post-Cold War legitimacy in producing its own identity-discourse and meaning of security which will determines its global policy based on a “Future Security Risks” narrative. Analyzing the construction process of the legitimacy of NATO’s existence by using Discourse Analysis Method, this study attempts to shed light on the “building blocks” of NATO’s contemporary purpose, and accordingly, the factors that determine the purpose of its existence in a globalized world.

___

  • Active Engagement, Modern Defence, Preface. (2010). “Strategic Concept For the Defence and Security of The Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation”, adopted by Heads of State and Government in Lisbon.
  • ADORNO, T. and HORKHEIM, M. (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment, Standfort University Press.
  • AIME, M. (2004)., Eccessi di Culture, Torino: Einaudi.
  • ASH, T. G. (25 May 2011). “If Obama really wants to lead us to a free world, he should abolish the G8” (on USA President Barack Obama’s keynote speech in Westminster Hall), The Guardian, available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/ cifamerica/2011/may/25/barack-obama-free-world-g8.
  • AYBET, G. “NATO's Developing Role in Collective Security”, SAM Papers, No: 4/99, available at: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/grupa/ac/aca/acad/02/01.htm.
  • BARNETT, T. (2004). The Pentagon's New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty- First Century, Putnam Adult.
  • BARRY, B. (2006). “Will the ‘global war on terrorism’ be the new Cold War?”, International Affairs, 82: 6.
  • BARRY, P. (2002). Beginning theory: an introduction to literary and cultural theory, Manchester: Manchester University press.
  • BBC News – Today. (11 November 2010) “West 'paranoid' about world economy”,
  • BBC News, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_ 9179000/9179739.stm.
  • BOBBIT. P. (2003). The Shield of Achilles, New York: Anchor.
  • BOOTH, K. (2007). Theory of World Security, Cambridge University Press.
  • BOOTH, K. (2005). “Critical Explorations”, in Ken Booth (Ed), Critical Security Studies and World Politics, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Bucharest Summit Declaration, (3 April 2008). issued by the Heads of State and Government in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Bucharest, available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_8443.htm?mode=pressrelease.
  • BUZAN, B. (1991). People, State and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, 2nd edition. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • BUZAN, B. WAEVER, O. and DE WILDE, W. (1998). Security – A New Framework for Analysis, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • CAMPACCI, D. (2009). Il concetto di sicurezza nel mondo romano: spunti di rişessione, paper not published.
  • CAMPBELL, D. (1998). Writing Security – United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, Manchester University Press.
  • CASSIRER, E. (1974/1944). “An Essay on Man”, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • COLBEY, P. (2006). Narrative, London: Routledge.
  • COX, R. (1981). “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory”, Millennium, 10 (2). Critical Language Scholarship ofŞcial web site, available at http://clscholarship. org/.
  • CULLER, J. (1997). Literary Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • DANNREUTHER, R. (2007). International Security – The Contemporary Agenda, Cambridge.
  • DANNREUTHER, R. (2008). International Security – The Contemporary Agenda, Cambridge: Polity.
  • DEMSEY, J. (29 November 2009). “U.S. lawmaker urges use of NATO clause”, International Herald Tribune.
  • DIAMOND, J. (1988). Guns, Germs and Steel, London: Vintage.
  • DIAMOND, J. (2 January 2008). “What’s Your Consumption Factor?”, The New York Times, available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf.
  • DICEY, A. (1914). Lectures on the Relation between Law and Public Opinion in England, London: Macmillian.
  • ECO, U. (1979/2006). Lector in Fabula – la cooperazione interpretativa nei testi narrativi, Milano: Bompiani.
  • ECO, U. (1995). The Role of the Reader. Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • ECO, U. (2010). Il Cimitero di Praga, Milano: Bompiani.
  • FIERKE, K.M. (2007). Critical Approaches to International Security, Cambridge: Polity.
  • Field Manual 3-07 “Stability Operations”. (October 2008). available at:
  • http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/Repository/FM307/FM3-07.pdf.
  • FM 3-0 American Army Operations Manual. (February 2008). available at: http://www.jmrc.hqjmtc.army.mil/jmrc_command_docs/ref_fm3_0.pdf.
  • GOLDSTONE, J. A. (2010). “The Four Megatrends That Will Change the World”, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2010.
  • GOLEMAN, D. (1996). Emotional Intelligence, London: Bloomsbury.
  • GORLEE, D.L. (1994). Semiotics and the Problem of Translation. With Special Reference to the Semiotics of Charles S. Peirce, Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • HARLOW, J. (6 October 2008). “Army unveils new Stability Operations manual” article at the ofŞcial homepage of the United Army, available at: http://www.army.mil/article/13079/army-unveils-new-stability-operations-manual/
  • KEEN, D. (2009). Complex Emergencies, Cambridge: Polity.
  • KLEIN, B.S. (1994). Strategic Studies and World Order: The Global Politics of Deterrence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • LIANG, Q. and XIANGSUI, W. (February 1999) Unrestricted Warfare, Beijing:
  • PLA Literature and Arts Publishing House, available at: http://cryptome. org/cuw.htm.
  • LORD LEVENE and RASMUSSEN, A.F. (30 September 2009). “Piracy, cyber-crime and climate change – bringing NATO and insurance together” The Telegraph, available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/Şnance/comment/6247862/Piracy-cybercrime- and-climate-change-bringing-NATO-and-insurance-together.html.
  • LORD LEVENE. (23 October 2008). “Energy Security: A Lloyd's view”, Lloyd's and NATO Energy Security dinner, available at: http://www.lloyds.com/Lloyds/Press-Centre/Speeches/2008/10/energy_security_ a_lloyds_view.
  • MACHIAVELLI, N. (2007/1513), Il Principe, Milano: BUR.
  • MCSWEENEY, B. (1999). Security, Identity and Interests – A Sociology of International Relations, Cambridge University Press.
  • MINOIS, G. (June 2011). “Une Planete trop peuplee?”, Le Monde Diplomatique.
  • MONAGHAN, J. and JUST, P. (2000). Social & Cultural Anthropology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), official web site, available at: http://www.nato.int/nato-welcome/what.swf.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), official web site, e-library, available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm.
  • NATO 1999 New Strategic Concept, official web site, available at: http://www.nato. int/cps/en/natolive/ofŞcial_texts_27433.htm.
  • NATO 2010 New Strategic Concept, official web site, available at: http://www.nato. int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf.
  • NATO 2010 New Strategic Concept, official web site, available at: http://www.nato. int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf.
  • NATO Summit, The Alliance’s Strategic Concept, (24 April 1999) NATO's official web site, e-library, available at: www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-065e.htm.
  • NATO's 60th Anniversary, official web site, available at: http://www.nato.int/60years/.
  • NATO's New Strategic Concept official web site, available at: http://www.nato. int/strategic-concept/index.html.
  • ORR, J. (2006). Panic Diaries – A Genealogy of Panic Disorder, Duke University Press.
  • ORWELL, G. (1990). 1984, London: Penguin Books, available at: http://orwell. ru/library/novels/1984/english/en_app .
  • MIRANDOLA, P.D. (15th C. CE). Oration On the Dignity Of Man, available at http://public.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_1/pico.html Quadrennial Defence Review. (2006). available at http://www.defenselink.mil/qdr/.
  • RAHE, P.A. (1994). Republics Ancient and Modern: The Ancien Regime in Classical Greece, University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
  • RASMUSSEN, A.F.. (1 October 2008). “Speech on emerging risks”, at Lloyd's of London, available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/opinions_57785.htm.
  • RASMUSSEN, M.V. (2001). “Reflexive Security: NATO and International Risk Society”, Millennium - Journal of International Studies. Riga Summit (28 – 29 December 2006) official web site, available at: http://www.rigasummit.lv/en/.
  • ROZOFF, Rick. (3 October 2009). “Thinking the Unthinkable: NATO’s Global Military Road Map”, Global Research 2009, available at: http://www.globalresearch. ca/index.php?context=va&aid=15506 .
  • SALECL, R. (2004). On Axiety, London: Routledge.
  • SARTORI, G. (1997). Homo Videns – Televisione e Post-pensiero, Roma-Bari: Laterza.
  • SCHEFFER, J.d.H. (23 October 2008). “Keynote speech: Energy security in the 21st century”, Lloyd's and NATO Energy Security dinner, available at: http://www.lloyds.com/Lloyds/Press-Centre/Speeches/2008/10/lloyds_nato_ energy_security_event.
  • SCIASCIA, L. (1963). Il consiglio d’Egitto, Torino: Enaudi.
  • SHEA, J. (2006). “Energy security: NATO's potential role”, NATO Review, Autumn 2006.
  • SOLIGAN, J. (2009). “The Transformation of Defence: NATO Perspectives”, in Sait Yilmaz (Ed), The National Defense in the 21st Century, Istanbul: Beykent University.
  • The Alliance's New Strategic Concept (07 November 1991 – 08 November 1991), in NATO's official web site, e-library, available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID- 6A9F9223-ED14B3C8/natolive/ofŞcial_texts_23847.htm.
  • The Alliance's Strategic Concept (24 April 1999), NATO's official web site, e-library, available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/ofŞcial_texts_27433.htm.
  • The Penguin English Dictionary, 2004, London: Penguin Books, 2nd Edition.
  • The United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects, The 2006 Revision, Highlights, 2007, New York, http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_ rev.pdf.
  • The World Bank Group, Population Growth Rate, available at: http://www.worldbank. org/depweb/english/modules/social/pgr/.
  • VAN HAM, P. (2008). “NATO and the Madonna Curve: why a new Strategic Concept is vital”, NATO Review, n. 3, available at: http://www.nato.int/docu/review/ 2008/03/ART5/EN/index.htm.
  • VOLKAN, V. (2004). Blind Trust, Charlottesville, Virginia: Pitchstone Publishing.
  • WEBER, C. (2005). International Relations Theory – A Critical Introduction, London: Routledge.
  • WILLIAMS, M.C. (2007). Culture and Power – Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security, London: Routledge.
Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1305-4740
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2005
  • Yayıncı: Millî Savunma Üniversitesi Atatürk Stratejik Araştırmalar ve Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü