Günsu SOYKUT ÇAĞSIN, Eda BECER, İhsan ÇALIŞ, Seda VATANSEVER

The Effect of Corchorus olitorius L. Extract on Viability of Breast Cancer Cells: A friend or a foe?

This Corchorus olitorius L. is known to be a medicinal plant widely consumed in the Eastern Mediterranean region and has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Breast cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all cancers. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of C. olitorius plant on viability of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. C. olitorius leaves first extracted with ethanol, then LC-MS/MS analysis was done for identification of phytochemicals. MTT assay was used for assessment of cell viability of MCF-7 cells. Cells were treated with C. olitorius extracts at five concentrations (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 µg/ml) and four different incubation periods (24, 48, 72, 96 h). LC-MS/MS analysis identified seven phytochemicals in the extract, mainly quercetin and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. MTT results showed that the extract was only slightly effective in terms of reduction of cell viability at 50 and 100 µg/ml doses which were incubated for 24 and 48 h. Lower concentration doses did not show any effect in cell viability of MCF-7 cells. Longer incubation periods tend to increase cell viability of breast cancer cells. Quercetin identified within the extract might interfere with ER and promote MCF-7 cell proliferation. Therefore, in ER positive breast adenocarcinoma, quercetin intake and doses should carefully be monitored. More studies regarding the relationship between C. olitorius, quercetin and breast cancer should be done for further clarification of the topic.

Keywords:

Corchorus olitorius, MCF-7, Breast cancer, Cell viability,

PDF

___

1. Adegoke, A.A., Adeboye-Tayo, B.C., 2009. Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial effects of Corchorous olitorius leaf extracts on four bacterial isolates. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(3), 155-159.
2. Azuma, K., Nakayama, M., Koshioka, M., Ippoushi, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Kohata, K. et al., 1999. Phenolic Antioxidants from the Leaves of Corchorus olitorius L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 10, 3963-3966. DOI 10.1021/jf990347p
3. Becer, E., Soykut, G., Kabadayı, H., Mammadov, E., Çalış, İ., Vatansever, S. 2020. Obtaining Stem Cell Spheroids from Foreskin Tissue and the Effect of Corchorus olitorius L. on Spheroid Proliferation. Turkish Journal of Phamaceutical Sciences. DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.05658 [article ahead of printing]
4. Bhagwat, S., Haytowitz, D.B., Holden J.M. 2011. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods (Report No: 3). Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center: United States Department of Agriculture.
5. Boye, A., Barku, V.Y.A., Amoateng, P., Mbroh, L.A. 2014. Anti-nociceptive and antioxidant activities of an aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae). International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8(6), 2395-2406. DOI 10.4314/ijbcs.v8i6.3
6. Dewanjee, S., Sahu, R., Karmakar, S. Gangopadhyay, M., 2013. Toxic effects of lead exposure in Wistar rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and the beneficial role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves. Food Chemical Toxicology, 55, 78-91. DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.040
7. Duke, J.A. 1983 Handbook of Energy Crops; Corchorus olitorus L. Accessed online at 23.11.2015 https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Corchorus_olitorius.html
8. Handoussa, H., Hanafi, R., Eddiasty, I., El-Gendy, M., El-Khatip, A., Linscheid, M. et al. 2013. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of dietary phenolics isolated from Corchorus olitorius and Vitis vinifera. Journal of Functional Foods, 5, 1204-1216. DOI 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.003
9. İşeri, Ö.D., Yurtcu, E., Sahin, F.İ., Mehmet, H., 2013. Corchorus olitorius (jute) extract induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human multiple myeloma cells (ARH-77). Pharmaceutical Biology, 51(6), 766-770. DOI 10.3109/13880209.2013.765897
10. Kasiri, N., Rahmati, M., Ahmedi, L., Eskandari, N., Motedayyen, H. 2019. Therapeutic potential of quercetin on human breast cancer in different dimensions. Inflammopharmacology. DOI 10.1007/s10787-019-00660-y. [Epub ahead of print]
11. Li, G.J., Huang, S.Y., Wu, M.Y., Chen, Y.C., Tsang, S.F., Chyuan, J.H., et al. 2012. Induction of Apoptosis by Ethanolic Extract of Corchorus olitorius Leaf in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells via a Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway. Molecules, 17, 9348-9360. DOI 10.3390/molecules17089348.
12. Maggiolini, M., Bonofiglio, D., Marsico, S., Panno, M.L., Bruno Cenni, B., Picard, D., And`O, S., 2001. Estrogen Receptor α Mediates the Proliferative but Not the Cytotoxic Dose-Dependent Effects of Two Major Phytoestrogens on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecular Pharmacology, 60(3), 595-602.
13. Miodini, P., Fioravanti L., Di Fronzo G., Cappelletti V., 1999. The two phyto-oestrogens genistein and quercetin exert different effects on oestrogen receptor function. British Journal of Cancer, 80(8), 1150-1155. DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690479
14. Pal, D.K., Mandal, M., Senthilkumar, G.P., Padhiari, A, 2006. Antibacterial activity of Cuscuta reflexa stem and Corchorus olitorius seed. Fitoterapia, 77, 589-591. DOI 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.06.015
15. Singh, B., Mense, S.M., Bhat, N.K., Putty, S., Guthiel, W.A., Remotti, F., Bhat, H.K., 2010. Dietary Quercetin Exacerbates the Development of Estrogen-Induced Breast Tumors in Female ACI Rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 247(2), 83–90. DOI 10.1016/j.taap.2010.06.011
16. Soykut, G., Becer, E., Calis, I., Yucecan, S., Vatansever, S. 2018. Apoptotic effects of Corchorus olitorius L. leaf extracts in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Progress in Nutrition, 20, 4, 689-698. DOI 0.23751/pn.v20i4.6892
17. Sørensen, B.G., 2018. Quercetin - creating an estrogenic response. University of Copenhagen. Accessed online at 27.11.2019 https://natoxaq.ku.dk/toxin-of-the-week/quercetin/
18. Türkomp. 2018. Ulusal Gıda Kompozisyon Veri Tabanı, C Vitamini. Accesed online at 17.06.2018. http://www.turkomp.gov.tr/component_result-c-vitamini-32
19. WCRF, World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (2018). Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: A Global Perspective (Report No: 2018 revised). Dietandcancerreport.org: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research.
20. WHO World Health Organization. 2019. Breast Globacan 2018. Accessed online at 27.11.2019 https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/20-Breast-fact-sheet.pdf
21. Wu, Q., Needs, P.W., Lu, Y., Kroon, P.A., Daoyuan Rena, D., Yang, X., 2018. Different antitumor effects of quercetin, quercetin-3’-sulfate and quercetin-3-glucuronide in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Food & Function, 9, 1736–1746. DOI 10.1039/c7fo01964e