Most of the herbal, mineral and bestial materials which we use in pharmacology today had also been taken into use for thousands of years without changing. Except for the materials used for preparations such as mortars, grinding plates and conservators, the types of spoons are the most common instruments of all. Some antique sources and findings show that in some instances "strigilis" were used instead of these spoons. Strigilis is a curved blade used by the ancient Romans and Greeks to scrape the body after bathing. Part of the bathing and personal hygiene routine in ancient Rome involved cleaning the body with oil. Having rubbed the oil in, a strigilis was used to scrape away any excess as well as any dead skin and dirt. Athletes also used strigilis to remove dirt, dust and oil from their bodies after exercise. This was sometimes bottled and sold as a medical treatment. It is desirable also to pour some medicament into the ear, and this should always be made lukewarm beforehand; and is best dropped in from a strigilis. Occasionally instruments not originally manufactured for surgical purposes were implemented. Galenos (XII.622-623)12, Celsus (VI.7.1)13, Plinius (XXV.103)14, Marcellus Empiricus (IX.l)15 and Scribonius Largus'un (XXXIX)16 mention that the strigilis, a curved piece of metal with a handle used for scraping oil and sweat off the body after exercise, was often used to get into small openings. Galenos (XII.622), mentioned that the strigilis, a curved piece of metal with a handle used for scraping oil and sweat off the body after exercise was often used to get into small openings, so as Galenos said, "After having heated the fat of a squirrel in a strigilis, insert it into the auditory canal". Celsus (VI.7.1) also directs that certain medicinal preparations can be warmed and allowed to drop into the ear by means of a strigilis, an appliance normally used by the Romans for scraping away sweat and dirt in the baths: "If severe inflammation entirely prevents sleep, there should be added to the poultice half its quantity of toasted and pounded poppy-head rind, and this should be boiled down with the rest in diluted raisin wine. It is desirable also to pour some medicament into the ear, and this should always be made lukewarm beforehand; and is best dropped in from a strigilis. When the ear is full, soft wool is applied over it to keep in the fluid. And these are the medicaments generally used for this purpose: but also there is rose oil and around-root juice and oil in which worms have been boiled, juice expressed from bitter almonds or from peach-kernels".t's possible that a "strigilis" found in a tomb of a medicine from Roman Imperial period was used for pharmacology. Outside of the tomb context (in a settlement for instance) when a strigilis was found, it's hard to determine the relation on it's use for pharmacological purposes. Surveys of researches on -the metal findings of Allianoi, retains clarifying many issues of the Anatolian history of medicine. The pieces of strigilis' found in Allianoi show strong evidences in terms of it's use in medicine.
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Aetios Amidenos 1899 BIBLIA IATRIKA EKKAIDEKA / Die Augenheilkunde des Aetius aus Amida, (çev. J. Hirschberg), Leipzig.
Celsus (Aulus Cornelius)1953 De Medicina / On Medicine, (çev. W. G. Spencer), Londra.
Galenos 1821-1833 PERI FUSIKON DUNAMEWN / Claudii Galeni Opera Omnia, (çev. C. G. Kühn), Leipzig.
Marcellus Empiricus 1968 Marcellus, De Medicamentis, (çev.}. Kollesch - D. Nickel), Berlin.
Plinius (Gaius, Secundus) 1956-1966 Naturalis Historia / Natural History, (çev. H. Rackham), Londra.
Paulus Aegineta 1844-1847 Epitomae Medicae / The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta, (çev. F.Adams), Londra.
Scribonius Largus 1983 Compositiones / Scribonii Largi Compositiones, (çev. S. Sconocchia),Leipzig.
Orta Çağ Kaynakları
Abûl Kasım Al Zahravi 1861 La Chirurgie DAlbucasis, (çev. L. Leclerc), Paris.
Şerefeddin bin Ali 1992 Cerrahiyyetul Hâniyye, (çev. İ. Uzel - K. Süveren), Ankara.
Modern Kaynaklar
Baykan, D.2002 "Allianoi Tıp Âletleri", Bilim ve Ütopya Eylül: 76.
2005 "Allianoi'da Bulunan Pişmiş Toprak Ecza Kapları", III. Uluslararası Seramik, Cam, Emaye, Sır ve Boya Semineri Bildiriler Kitabı, Eskişehir: 447-452.
2009a Allianoi Tıp Âletleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Klasik Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), İstanbul.
2009b "Gladyatör Hastanesi: Allianoi", Atlas 201: 48-50.
Bliquez, L.J.2003 "Roman Surgical Spoon-probes and their Ancient Names ([ir]Ar|, jiriXurrpu;, specillum)", JRA 16: 322-330.
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Kancheva-Ruseva, T. - K. Velkov - V. Ignatov 1996 Prouchvaniya na Nadgrobni Mogili v Novozagorsko, N. Koichev ve M.Kanchev Memoriam, Bulgaristan: 17-70.
Kessyakova, E. - N, Kirova 2005"Brickwork Double Grave From The Roman Age From The Village of Scutare, Plovdiv District", Universitatis Serdicensis Supplementum IV, Stephanos Archaeologicos in honorem Professoris Ludmili Getov, Sofya: 406-419.
Künzl, E. 1983 Medizinische Instrumente aus Sepulkralfunden der römischen Kaiserzeit, Bonn.
1992„Spatantike und byzantinische medizinische Instrumente", From Epidaurus to Salerno. Symposium held at the European University Centre for Cultural Heritage, (Haz. A. Krug), PACT 34: 201-244.
Michaelides, D.1984"A Roman Surgeon's Tomb from Nea Paphos Part I", Report of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus: 315-332.
Milne, S.J.1976 Surgical Instruments in Greek and Roman Times, Chicago.
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