EKŞİ KARA VE NARİNCE ÜZÜM (Vitis vinifera L.) ÇEŞİTLERİNDE ANTER KÜLTÜRÜ

Anter kültürü, haploit bitki elde etmek amacıyla kullanılan bitki ıslahı yöntemlerinden birisidir. Birbitkiden izole edilen anterlerin uygun bir besin ortamında kallus gelişimi ve bitkiye dönüşümü esasınadayanmaktadır. Bu yöntemle üretilen haploit bitkilerden istenilen mutant tipler seçilebilmekte ve yenivaryetelerin geliştirilmesi mümkün olmaktadır. Türkiye’de halen üretimi lokal alanlarında alternatifsizolarak devam eden ‘Ekşi Kara’ ve ‘Narince’ üzüm çeşitlerinde anter kültürü çalışılmıştır. Kültüre başlamaiçin en uygun olduğu kabul edilen yaklaşık tek çekirdekli mikrospor aşamasındaki anterler (0.3–1.0 mmuzunlukta soluk yeşil renkli) kullanılmıştır. In vitro’da N&N besi ortamında, 25℃ sıcaklıkta, 6 haftakaranlık ortamda kallus gelişimi incelenmiştir. Korolla rengi koyu yeşilden hafif sarıya döndüğü ve henüzaçılmamış çiçek tomurcuklarında bulunan anterlerin daha uygun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çeşitlerin N&Nbesi ortamına verdiği tepkiler farklı olup ‘Ekşi Kara’ üzüm çeşidinde %22.86 ve ‘Narince’ üzümçeşidinde %35.17 oranında kallus gelişimi tespit edilmiştir. Embriyonik indüksiyonun başlangıç eksplanttipi, gelişme düzeyi, kültür ortamı ve genotipten etkilendiğinden bu çalışmada farklı üzüm çeşitlerininaynı besi ortamına farklı tepkiler verdiği belirlenmiştir. ‘Ekşi Kara’ ve ‘Narince’ üzüm çeşitlerinde uygunbesin ortamı kullanıldığında çeşitler arasında farklı tepkiler bulunmakla birlikte anterlerinden kallus eldeedilebilmektedir.

ANTHER CULTURE OF ‘EKŞİ KARA’ AND ‘NARİNCE’ GRAPE (Vitis vinifera L.) VARIETIES

Anther culture is one of the plant breeding methods used to obtain haploid plants. The anthers isolated from a plant are based on the development of callus and plant transformation into a suitable culture media. The desired mutant types can be selected from the haploid plants produced by this method and new varieties can be developed. Anther culture has been studied in the ‘Ekşi Kara’ and ‘Narince’ grapes varieties, which are still cultivate in Turkey without any alternative in their locations. Anthers (0.3–1.0 mm long, pale green colour) were used in the approximately single–nucleus microspore stage, which was considered optimal for the start to culture. Callus development was investigated in vitro in N&N medium, at 25℃ for 6 weeks in darkness. It is observed that the anthers found in the flower buds’ corolla–covered, which have turned from the dark greenish to slightly yellow colour and have not yet opened, are more suitable. The response of the varieties to the N&N feeding media was different, and the callus development was found at 22.86% in ‘Ekşi Kara’ grape variety and 35.17% in ‘Narince’ grape variety. Since embryonic induction was affected by initial explant type, development level, culture medium and genotype, it was determined that different grape varieties gave different responses to the same culture medium in this study. When the appropriate nutrient medium is used in the ‘Ekşi Kara’ and ‘Narince’ grapes varieties, calluses can be obtained from the anthers together with the different reactions among the varieties.

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