M. Hadi AYDIN, Gülay TURHAN, M. Erhan GÖRE

Patates yumrularında Rhizoctonia solani Kühn sklerotlarının canlılığı ve oluşumu üzerine bazı Antagonistlerin etkinliğinin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma 2008-2010 yılları arasında laboratuvar ve sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, patateste yumru kökenli Rhizoctonia solani Kühn sklerotlarının canlılığı ve oluşumu üzerine bazı kimyasalların ve antagonist uygulamalarının etkilerini belirlemektir. Uygulamalar; a) doğal bulaşık yumruların antagonist süspansiyonları içinde bekletilmesi, ve b) ilaçların bulaşık yumrulara püskürtülmesi şeklinde yapılmıştır. Laboratuvar çalışmasında, değişik topraklardan izole edilmiş 14 antagonist (Trichoderma asperellum TZ17, T. atroviride VG3, T. croceum BOZ26, T. gamsii VG47, T. hamatum ÖT16, T. harzianum LO52, T. inhamatum PT12, T. neokoningii A15, T. spirale KB13, T. strigosum LO43, T. tomentosum VG2, T. virens ÖT19, T. viride VG18, ve Gliocladium roseum LO41) ile 2 kimyasal uygulamanın Rizolex-T® (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram, %20+30) ve Celest-Max® (Fludioxonil, 100 g/l) etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda antagonistlerin etkinliği %0,0 ile %75,0 arasında değişen oranlarda bulunmuştur. Kimyasal uygulamalar ise yumru üzerinde bulunan sklerotların canlılığını tamamıyla engelleyerek %100 oranında etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. En etkili izolatlar T. viride VG18, T. gamsii VG47, T. strigosum LO43, G. roseum LO41 ve T. asperellum TZ17 olurken, en az etkili antagonistler T. inhamatum PT12 başta olmak üzere T. tomentosum VG2, T. spirale KB13, T. harzianum LO52 olarak belirlenmiştir. Serada saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülen çalışmada ise, laboratuvar çalışmasında %50,0’nin üzerinde etki gösteren 5 Trichoderma ve 1 Gliocladium türü (T. virens ÖT19, T. asperellum TZ17, T. viride VG18, T. strigosum LO43, T. gamsii VG47 ve G.roseum LO41) ile yine Rizolex-T® (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram, %20+30) ve Celest-Max® (Fludioxonil, 100 g/l) isimli kimyasal ilaçlar kullanılmıştır. Antagonistlerin etkinliği %26,89 ile %61,67 arasında değişen oranlarda bulunmuştur. En etkili izolatlar T. virens ÖT19, T. asperellum TZ17, T. gamsii VG47 olurken en az etkili antagonistler, G. roseum LO41 ve T. viride VG18 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal ilaçlar ise sırasıyla %73,12 ile %96,38 oranında etki göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

sklerot, mantar öldürücüler, fungal antagonistler, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma, yumru, toprak özellikleri, patates, biyolojik kontrol, kimyasal kontrol

Determination of some antagonists efficiency on the viability and formation of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on potato tubers

This study was carried out at laboratory and greenhouse between 2008-2010. The purpose of this study conducted in laboratory and pot trials at greenhouse conditions was to determine the effectiveness of some antagonists and two chemicals on the viability and the formation of tuber-born sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on potato. The 14 antagonists under test originally isolated from various soil samples in Turkey were Trichoderma asperellum TZ17, T. atroviride VG3, T. croceum BOZ26, T. gamsii VG47, T. hamatum ÖT16, T. harzianum LO52, T. inhamatum PT12, T. neokoningii A15, T. spirale KB13, T. strigosum LO43, T. tomentosum VG2, T. virens ÖT19, T. viride VG18, and G. roseum LO41. Rizolex-T® (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram, %20+30) and Celest-Max® (Fludioxonil, 100 g/l) were used as the test fungicides. Both laboratory treatments and pot trials were designed as follows: a) dipping naturally infested potato tubers into spore suspensions of the antagonists, and b) spraying the chemicals on to the infested tubers. In laboratory treatments, sclerotial viability of R. solani was completely prevented by the fungicides. The viability was also reduced by the antagonistic isolates under test between 0.0% to 75.0%. T. viride VG18, T. gamsii VG47, T. strigosum LO43, T. virens ÖT19, G. roseum LO41 and T. asperellum TZ17 proved to be the most effective antagonists, whereas T. harzianum LO52, T. spirale KB13, T. tomentosum VG2, T. inhamatum PT12 were found as having the least effect if at all. In pot experiments conducted in the greenhouse, six antagonists (T. virens ÖT19, T. asperellum TZ17, T. viride VG18, T. strigosum LO43, T. gamsii VG47 and G .roseum LO41) which have exhibited over 50.0% efficacy in vitro and all of the aforementioned fungicides under test were evaluated. Sclerotial formation of R. solani was reduced up to 73.12% and 96.18% by the fungicides Rizolex-T® and Celest-Max® , respectively. The viability was also reduced by the antagonistic isolates between 26.89% to 61.67%. T. virens ÖT19, T. asperellum TZ17, T. gamsii VG47 proved to be the most, whereas G.roseum LO41 and T. viride VG18 the least effective.

Keywords:

sclerotia, fungicides, fungal antagonists, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma, tubers, soil properties, potatoes, biological control, chemical control,

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