%20 Pyridaben İçeren Primite 20 WP’nin Allium cepa Kök Meristematik Hücrelerine Üzerine Sitotoksik ve Genotoksik Etkileri

%20 Pyridaben içeren Primite 20 WP (PİP) akarisit ve insektisit olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaPİP’in sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkileri Allium cepa kök meristematik hücrelerinde kök büyümesi, mitotikindeks (Mİ), kromozomal anormallik (KA)’ler ve DNA hasarı üzerindeki etkileri Allium ana-telofaz veKomet testleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Allium kök büyüme engelleme testi ile PİP’in kök uçlarınınbüyümesini negatif kontrol grubuna göre %50 oranında düşüren konsantrasyon (EC50) değeri, 50 ppmolarak bulunmuştur. A. cepa kökleri PİP’in üç farklı konsantrasyonu (25, 50 ve 100 ppm), distile su(negatif kontrol) ve metil metan sülfonata (MMS, 10 ppm, pozitif kontrol) 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat maruzbırakılmıştır. PİP; kök büyümesini ve Mİ’yi istatistiksel olarak azaltarak sitotoksik etki, KA’ları (bozulmuşana-telofaz, kalgın kromozom, yapışıklık, köprü ve poliploidi) ve DNA hasarını istatistitiksel olarakartırarak genotoksik etki göstermiştir. PİP kullanımına dikkat edilmeli ve sito-genotoksik etkileri diğertoksisite test sistemleri ile araştırılmalıdır.

Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Primite 20 WP Containing 20% Pyridaben on Allium cepa Root Meristematic Cells

Primite 20 WP containing 20% pyridaben (PCP) is used as an acaricide and insecticide. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PCP were investigated on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa for its effects on root growth, mitotic index (MI), mitotic phases, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) and DNA damage by using Allium ana-telophase and Comet assays. The amount of PCP concentration that reduces the growth of root tips by 50% compared to the negative control group (EC50)value was determined as 50 ppm by Allium root growth inhibition test. A. cepa roots were treated with three concentrations of PCP (25, 50 and 100 ppm), distilled water (negative control) and methyl methane sulphonate (MMS, 10 ppm, positive control) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. PCPshowed a cytotoxic effect by reducing root growth and MI, but also showed genotoxic effect by increasing CAs (disturbed anatelophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, bridges and polyploidy) and DNA damage at significant levels. PCPshould be used carefully and investigated its cyto-genotoxic effects with other toxicology test systems.

PDF

___

Bloom, S.E., Lemley, A.T. and Muscarella, D.E., 2005. Potentiation of apoptosis by heat stress plus pesticide exposure in stress resistant human Blymphoma cells and its attenuation through interaction with follicular dendritic cells: role for cJun N-terminal kinase signaling. Toxicological Sciences, 89, 214-223.
Bose, A. and Beal, M.F., 2016. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry. 139, 216-231.
Caritá, R. and Marin-Morales, M.A., 2008. Induction of chromosome aberrations in the Allium cepa test system caused by the exposure of seeds to industrial effluents contaminated with azo dyes Chemospher,. 72, 722-725.
Chaparro, T.R., Botta C.M. and Pires, E.C., 2010. Biodegradability and toxicity assessment of bleach plant effluents treated anaerobically. Water Science and Technology, 62, 1312-1319.
Charli, A., Jin, H., Anantharam, V., Kanthasamy, A. and Kanthasamy, A.G., 2016. Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics induced by tebufenpyrad and pyridaben in a dopaminergic neuronal cell culture model. Neurotoxicology, 53, 302-313.
Chen, Q., Vazques, E.J., Moghaddas, S., Hoppel, C.L. and Lesnefsky, E.J., 2003. Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: Central role of complex III. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 36027– 36031.
Dhawan, A., and Anderson, D., 2016.The comet assay in toxicology (Vol. 30). Second Edition. Royal Society of Chemistry. 3-64.
Dönbak, D.B., 2017. İnsan periferal lenfositlerinde pyridaben insektisitinin ka, kkd ve mn testleri ile genotoksisitesinin değerlendirilmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Kahramanmaraş. 88.
El-Ghamery, A.A. and Mousa, M.A., 2017. Investigation on the effect of benzyladenine on the germination, radicle growth and meristematic cells of Nigella sativa L. and Allium cepa L. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 62, 11-21.
El-Ghamery, A.A., El-Nahas, A.I. and Mansour, M.M., 2000. The action of atrazine herbicide as an indicator of cell division on chromosomes and nucleic acid content in root meristems of Allium cepaand Vicia faba. Cytologia, 65, 277–287.
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)., 2010. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance pyridaben. EFSA Journal, 8, 1632.
Evseeva, T.I. Geras’kin, S.A., Shuktomova, I.I. and Taskaev, A.I., 2005. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assay of water sampled from the underground nuclear explosion site in the north of the Perm region (Russia), Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 80, 59–74.
Fernandes, T.C.C., Mazzeo, D.E.C. and Marin-Morales, M.A., 2007. mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifluralin herbicide. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 88, 252-259.
Fiskesjö, G. and Levan, A., 1993. Evaluation of the first ten MEIC chemicals in the Allium test. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 21, 139–149.
Fiskesjö, G., 1985. The Allium test as a standard in environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 102, 99-112.
Fusconi, A., Repetto, O., Bona, E., Massa, N., Gallo, C., Dumas-Gaudot, E. and Berta, G., 2006. Effect of cadmium on meristem activity and nucleus ploidy in roots of Pisum sativum L. cv. Frisson seedligs. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58. 253- 260.
Gichner, T., Znidar, I., Wagner, E.D. and Plewa, M.J., 2009. The use of higher plants in the Comet assay, A.. Dhawan. D.. Anderson. the Comet Assay in Toxicology. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. Ukrayna. (pp. 98–119).
Gomez, C., Bandez, M.J. and Navarro, A., 2007. Pesticides and impairment of mitochondrial function in relation with the parkinsonian syndrome. Frontiers in Bioscience, 12, 1079–1093.
Gupta, K., Mishra, K., Srivastava, S. and Kumar, A., 2018. Cytotoxic assessment of chromium and arsenic using chromosomal behavior of root reristem in Allium cepa L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 100, 803-808.
Hidalgo, A., Gonzales-Reyes, J.A., Navas, P. and GarciaHerdugo, G., 1989. Abnormal mitosis and growth inhibition in Allium cepa roots induced by propham and chlorpropham. Cytobios, 57, 7–14.
Igarashi, H. and Sakamoto, S., 1994. Summary of toxicity studies with pyridaben, Journal of Pesticide Science, 29, 243-251.
Jana, A., Ghosh, M., Sinha, S., Jothiramajayam, M., Nag, A. and Mukherjee, A., 2017. Hazard identification of coal fly ash leachate using a battery of cytogenotoxic and biochemical tests in Allium cepa. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63, 1443- 1453.
Kaya, N., Çakmak, I., Akarsu, E. and Kaya, B., 2015. DNA damage induced by silica nanopartıcle. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24, 4478-4484.
Kaygisiz, Ş.Y. and Ciğerci, İ.H., 2017. Genotoxic evaluation of different sizes of iron oxide nanoparticles and ionic form by SMART, Allium and comet assay. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 33, 802-809.
Kim, M., Sim, C., Shin, D., Suh, E. and Cho, K., 2006. Residual and sublethal effects of fenpyroximate and pyridaben on the instantaneous rate of increase of Tetranychus urticae. Crop Protection, 25, 542-548.
Kocyigit, A., Keles, H., Selek, S., Guzel, S., Celik. H. and Erel, O., 2005. Increased DNA damage and oxidative stress in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 585, 71-78.
Kumari, M., Mukherjee, A. and Chandrasekaran, N., 2009. Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in Allium cepa. Science of The Total Environment, 407, 5243–5246.
Küçük, D. and Liman, R., 2018. Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of 2-chlorophenol on Allium cepa L. root meristem cells. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 6117–36123.
Liman, R., 2013. Genotoxic effects of Bismuth (III) oxide nanoparticles by Allium and Comet assay. Chemosphere, 93, 269-273.
Liman, R., Ciğerci, İ.H. and Öztürk, N.S., 2015. Determination of genotoxic effects of imazethapyr herbicide in Allium cepa root cells by mitotic activity, chromosome aberration and comet assay. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 118, 38-42.
Liman, R., Acikbas, Y. and Ciğerci, İ.H., 2019. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cerium oxide micro and nanoparticles by allium and comet tests. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 168, 408- 414.
Livanos, P., Galatis, B., Quader, H. and Apostolakos, P., 2017. ROS homeostasis as a prerequisite for the accomplishment of plant cytokinesis. Protoplasma, 254, 569-586.
Luo, L.Z., Werner, K.M., Gollin, S.M. and Saunders, W.S., 2004. Cigarette smoke induces anaphase bridges and genomic imbalances in normal cells. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 554, 375–385.
Ma, M., Chen, C., Yang, G., Li, Y., Chen, Z. and Qian, Y., 2016. Combined cytotoxic effects of pesticide mixtures present in the Chinese diet on human hepatocarcinoma cell line. Chemosphere, 159, 256- 266.
Manas, G.E., Parivar, K., Hasanzadeh, S., Yaghmayi, P. and Najafi, G., 2014. The effects of pyridaben pesticide on gonadotropic, gonadal hormonal alternations, oxidative and nitrosative stresses in Balb/C mice strain. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23, 297- 303.
Manas, G.E., Hasanzadeh, S., Najafi, G., Parivar, K. and Yaghmaei, P., 2013a. The effects of pyridaben pesticide on the DNA integrity of sperms and early in vitro embryonic development in mice. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11, 605-610.
Manas, G.E., Hasanzadeh, S. and Parivar, K., 2013b. The effects of pyridaben pesticide on the histomorphometric, hormonal alternations and reproductive functions of BALB/c mice. Iranian journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 16, 1055-1064.
Mauro, M.O., Pesarini, J.R., Marin-Morales, M.A., Monreal, M.T.F.D., Monreal, A.C.D., Mantovani, M.S. and Oliveira, R.J., 2014. Evaluation of the antimutagenic activity and mode of action of the fructooligosaccharide inulin in the meristematic cells of Allium cepa culture. Genetics and Molecular Research. 13, 4808-4819.
Palmieri, M.J., Andrade-Vieira, L.F., Trento, M.V.C., de Faria Eleutério, M.W., Luber, J., Davide, L.C. and Marcussi, S., 2016. Cytogenotoxic effects of spent pot liner (SPL) and its main components on human leukocytes and meristematic cells of Allium cepa. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227, 156-166.
Park, J.J., Kim, M., Lee, J.H., Shin, K.I., Lee, S.E., Kim, J.G. and Cho, K., 2011. Sublethal effects of fenpyroximate and pyridaben on two predatory mite species, Neoseiulus womersleyi and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari, Phytoseiidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 54, 243-259.
Rahman, M.M., Rahman, M.F. and Nasirujjaman, K., 2017. A study on genotoxicity of textile dyeing industry effluents from Rajshahi, Bangladesh, by the Allium cepa test. Chemistry and Ecology, 33, 434-446.
Rand, G.M. and Clark. J.R., 2000. Hazard/risk assessment of pyridaben: I. Aquatic toxicity and environmental chemistry. Ecotoxicology, 9, 157-168.
Santos, C.L., Pourrut, B. and Oliveira, J.M.P., 2015. The use of comet assay in plant toxicology: recent advances. Frontiers in Genetics, 6. 216.
Saxena, P.N., Chauhan, L.K.S. and Gupta, S.K., 2005. Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulation of cypermethrin in root meristem cells of Allium sativum: spectroscopic basis of chromosome damage. Toxicology, 216, 244-252.
Sherer, T.B., Richardson, J.R., Testa, C.M., Seo, B.B., Panov, A.V., Yagi, T. and Greenamyre, J.T., 2007. Mechanism of toxicity of pesticides acting at complex I:relevance to environmental etiologies of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 100, 1469–1479.
Sicai, H. and Hongbin, T., 1995. Study on t he acute toxicity of three acaricides to frog and toad. Pesticides, 6, 14-22.
Silveira, G.L., Lima, M.G.F., dos Reis, G.B., Palmieri, M.J. and Andrade -Vieria, L.F., 2017. Toxic effects of environmental pollutants: Comparative investigation using Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa L. Chemosphere, 178 , 359-367.
Singh, D. and Roy, B.K., 2017 , Evaluation of malathion -induced cytogenetical effects and oxidative stress in plants using Allium test. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum , 39, 92-102.
ST-Pierre, J., Buckingham, J.A., Roebuck, S.J. and Brand, M.D., 2002. Topology of superoxide production from different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Journal of Biological Chemistry ,277, 44784–44790.
Sudhakar, R., Ninge Gowda, K.N. and Venu, G., 2001. Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytologia, 66, 235-239.
Tice, R.R., Agurell, E., Anderson, D., Burlinson, B., Hartmann, A., Kobayashi, H. and Sasaki, Y.F., 2000. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 35 ,206-221.
Türkoğlu, Ş., 2015. Evaluation of genotoxic effects of five flavour enhanc.ers (glutamates) on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Toxicology and İndustrial Health , 31, 792-801.
Wang, Y., Wu, S., Chen, L., Wu, C., Yu, R., Wang, Q. and Zhao, X., 2012. Toxicity assessment of 45 pesticides to the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Chemosphere. 88, 484-491.
Webster, P.L. and Macleod, R.D., 1996. The root apical meristem and its magrin. In: Waishel. Y.. Eshel. A.. Kafkafi. U.. Plant roots. The hidden half (Second Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York. 51, 76 -79.
Yu, S.J., 2008. The toxicology and biochemistry of insecticides. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis group, New York. ISBN. 25-85.
1-http://www.safatarim.com/PDF/Documents/138 -primite-20-wp-primite-20-wp---brosur.pdf(18.12.2018)